法国作家谢阁兰笔下夏桀形象之重塑

Recharacterization of Emperor Jie of Xia Dynasty by Victor Segalen

19世纪末20世纪初的法国作家谢阁兰一反自然主义文学观，认为文学构建的想象世界应是与现实世界平行的独立王国；想象世界虽然在现实中有参照物，但后者一旦进入作品，反映的与其说是现实，不如说是作者本人的内心世界。中国历代亡国之君由此走进了谢阁兰的作品，夏桀形象在其中尤为突出：残暴的“桀”在谢阁兰笔下转为人中之“杰”，从而使这一近代法国文学中充满异域色彩的人物形象，成为作者本身尼采精神之张扬.

Victor Segalen challenged the naturalist perception of literature by arguing that the literary world, once constructed by imagination, should be independent from the real world. Although the literary world has its reference to the actual world, it is more the inner world of the author than the outside one. In this way, Segalen transforms the last emperor of each dynasty in China into a coward or a hero, among whom Jie, the tyrant and the last emperor of Xia Dynasty, is given special attention. Such a man of exceptional cruelty is portrayed by Segalen as a man of outstanding competence-an image of exotic fascination in the modem French literature and an embodiment of Nietzsche＇s philosophy.