不同年级学生认知灵活性研究

A Research on Cognitive Flexibility of Students in Different Grades

为了考察不同年级学生认知灵活性发展情况,从小学三年级、五年级、初中二年级、高中二年级中分别挑选被试各80人,进行认知灵活性测量。结果表明认知灵活性随着年级的增长而发展,各年级学生的两项认知灵活性测试成绩与语文、数学成绩有不同程度的正、负相关。具体表现为:威斯康星卡片分类测试的各项目与数学成绩的相关都达到了十分显著的水平,而与语文成绩的相关除了个别项目达到了显著水平之外,其它项都没有达到显著水平;连线测试成绩与语文、数学成绩的相关除了个别项目达到了显著水平之外,其它项都没有达到显著水平。从而说明认知灵活性与学生的语文、数学成绩关系还是较密切,也可以说认知灵活性是有效学习的保障。

To examine the development of cognitive flexibility of students in different grades, altogether 320 students are selected from Grade Three and Grade Five in primary schools, Grade Two in junior high schools and senior high schools with 80 students from each grade to measure students＇ cognitive flexibihty. The research findings indicate that cognitive flexibility develops with the increasing of the grade, and the results of the two tests of students＇ cognitive flexibility have positive or negative correlation with their Chinese and math achievements to different degrees. To be specific, each item of Wisconsin card sorting test has significant correlation with math scores, while many items have no significant correlation with Chinese scores except a few items. Many items of the trail making test have no significant correlation with scores of Chinese and math except a few items. It can be shown that cognitive flexibility is closely related with students＇ academic achievements in Chinese and math. That is to say cognitive flexibility is the guarantee of effective learning.