略论费正清对美国中国学研究的贡献与影响

On the Influence and Contributions of John King Fairbank's Chinese Studies in America

欧洲,尤指法国是传统汉学的中心,"中国研究"则是以美国为中心。费正清是公认的中国学创始人,也是"中国学之父"。他打破了美国传统汉学的模式,研究近现代的中国从而确立了美国现代中国学的研究。本文旨在从4个方面探讨费氏对美国的汉学(中国学)研究的影响和做出的贡献:美国中国学研究由传统的汉学研究向近现代中国学研究过渡的领军人物;促使美国现代中国学研究形成学科化、机构化的特点;"冲击—反应"研究模式的特点和影响;使美中关系史研究在美国现代中国学研究中成为一个不可忽视的组成部分。同时,我们从中也可以略窥到美国汉学(中国学)研究发展的轨迹和特点。

Europe, especially France, is the center of traditional Sinology studies, while America has become the centre of Chinese studies. John King Fairbank is undoubtedly the father of Chinese studies, who broke down the traditional models of Chinese studies in America and established the modem Chinese studies in America. The paper is designed to present his contributions to Chinese studies in America from four perspectives so that we can trace the development and characters of Chinese studies in America. The four perspectives are： the head of Chinese studies in its transition from traditional one to modem Chinese studies; facilitating Chinese studies to form characteristics of academy and institution; the characteristics of ＂ impact - response＂ model and its influence; the important role of US - Sino relations studies in Chinese studies. Meanwhile, people can know about the orbit and characteristics of the development of Chinese studies in America.