18世纪朝鲜学者朴趾源的人与自然观

Human-Nature Relationship in the Mind of 18th-century Korean Thinker ParkJi-won.

在天体问题上，朴趾源认为，太阳之外的“万物”都是暗体，本身不会发光；月球像地球一样，也是由微尘构成的，也会有动植物；地球是圆的，本身是转动的。把天体看作一种物质的客观的存在，是朴趾源形成人与自然观的基础。在天人关系问题上，朴趾源反对“万物皆天所生”的观点，认为万物的存在、特征、优劣，都是自然生成的；质疑“天不言，以行与事示之”的观点，认为天是没有意志的；不同意那种认为明亡是“气数”已尽的观点，认为明亡于“王泽已竭”。将天与人理解为两个相互依存、又相互独立的实体，是朴趾源人与自然观的核心。朴趾源主张，要有效地利用自然资源与技术，使民众的物质生活相对丰实。“利用厚生”的主张，是朴趾源处理人与自然关系的一种积极态度。以上三者构成了朴趾源人与自然观的整体。

Park Ji-won holds that everything except Sun is dark by itself;the Moon is made of dust particles and with life on its surface;the Earth is round and rotates.Viewing the celestial bodies as material existence,Park Ji-won developed his human-nature relationship theory.He opposes the viewpoint of that all things were given birth by Heaven.Rather,he insists that everything became exist with different characteristics naturally and the Heaven doesn't have a will.To him,the Ming collapsed because it fails to benefit people rather than due to its destiny.Park Ji-won views Heaven and human as two inter-dependent and yet each independent entities.He suggested to use natural resources and technology effectively,so that people may enjoy relative abundant material life.