浅议霍布斯与洛克政府观之比较

A Brief Comparison of the Hobbes' and Locke's Government View

霍布斯与洛克是17世纪著名的政治哲学家,他们深入探讨了政府的起源、内容及运作,为政府理论奠定了一定的思想基础,并对后世产生了重大的影响。他们认为政府不是根据神创造的,而是通过社会契约创造的,君权不是神授的,而是人民转让的,政府的目的是保护人民的生命和财产。霍布斯主张强势政府,君主的权力应当具有至高无上性,他是集权主义者。洛克则主张有限政府,政府的一切权力都应当受到限制,要求分权制衡,他是自由主义者。

Hobbes and Locke are the famous political philosophers of the 17th century. They researeh the origins, contents and operation the government in detail, hying a foundation thought for the government theories, and have an important influence on the future generations. They think the government is not created according to the absolute being, but sccording to a social contractual creation, the monarchic power isn＇t God- given, but what people turn to let. The purpose of the government is to protect the life and the property of people. Hobbes lays claim to a pre-eminent government, which means the power of the monarch should be the highest, he is the centralization doctrine. Locke lays claim to a limited government, the whole powers of the govemment all should be subjected to restriction, request to divide the power and check and balance. He is a iiberalist.