从《没有女人的男人》看海明威的生态女性意识

On Hemingway's ecofeminist consciousness perceived from Men without Women

《没有女人的男人》这本故事集刻画的男主人公在他们各自的职业领域内都表现出一定的勇气,但在伦理价值日趋多元化的当代文明语境中,尤其与自然、与女人对话的过程中,这些硬汉子们却执著于人类优先、男性主体优先的地位,一味想征服自然、支配女性,因而不可避免地在现实层面中陷入困惑与痛苦。正是在这种主体优先价值难以兑现的现实性伦理困惑中,海明威反思着人类优先、男性主体优先的伦理价值取向所导致的人的现实性生存困境,努力探求着人类与自然、男人与女人之间的相处之道。而海明威对人与自然、男人与女人互蕴共荣关系的认识,他对自然和女性内在联系的认同,以及他对西方父权制文化的质疑都与生态女性主义所极力倡导的伦理关怀不谋而合。

Though the male protagonists in the short story collection Men without Women show certain courage in their own professional fields, in contemporary ethical context, those code heroes stick to anthropocentrism and androcentrism during their conversation with nature and women. Thus, driven by the desire to dominate nature and women, they are unavoidably trapped in realistic dilemma and pain. Just in their ethic dilemma, Hemingway has a deep reflection of man＇s hard living condition caused by anthropocentrist and androcentrist orientation, and tries to probe into the relationship between man and nature and that between men and women. Hemingway＇s understanding of the relationship between man and nature and that between men and women as mutually dependent and reciprocal, his recognition of nature-women connection and his retrospection on patriarchal culture all coincide with the ethics of ecofeminists.