渝东南土家族民居之基本形制及其智慧

Basic Types and Wisdom of Tujia Nationality's Traditional House in the Southeast of Chongqing

在重庆市域东南部的山水深处,"隐居"着质朴而优雅的土家族民居——吊脚楼。在对该区域调研的基础上,梳理出土家族民居的基本形制有一字型、曲尺型、凵字型、口字型以及其他变形如山字型等,并结合测绘实例展现了各型特征。接着,从历史渊源角度阐明了它含藏古老的居住智慧;从地形与气候、技术与经济、生活的实用性角度证明了它的当代适宜性智慧;以及从整体风水环境与景观意象、建筑形象和细部装饰角度表明了它独特的美学智慧。

In the area of Chongqing＇s southeast,the Tujia nationality＇s traditional houses＂Diaojiaolou＂ are simple-hearted and elegantly reclusion. Based on the survey to this area,the paper tidy the basic types of the Tujia nationality＇s traditional houses that as ribbon shape, L shape, U shape, quadrangle shape and various types such as E shape, and depict their characteristic with the recordings of instances. The paper also discusses the wisdoms of the Tujia nationality＇s traditional house. They are the antiquated inhabitancy wisdom because of it was ＂Chinese beautiful former residence＂ from the viewpoints of historical origin, the contemporary suitability wisdom from the viewpoints of landform, climate, technique, economy and life style, and the aesthetic wisdom from the viewpoints of the holistic Fengshui surroundings and landscape,the image of architecture and the detail decorations.