子午岭地区辽东栎和油松林建群种的更新生态位宽度分析

Dominant Species of Regeneration Niche in Quercus liaotungensis and Pinus tabulaeformis Forest in Ziwuling Mountain

通过实地调查并采用Levins生态位宽度指数对子午岭地区主要树种辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)的幼苗、幼树和成树在不同坡向的辽东栎林、油松+辽东栎混交林和人工油松林3种群落中的生态位宽度进行了分析研究。结果显示:(1)辽东栎和油松的更新生态位宽度在不同群落中各不相同,成树的生态位宽度与群落类型一致;(2)辽东栎幼苗和幼树在阳坡和阴坡人工油松林中的生态位宽度分别是0.951、0.95和0.98、0.94,且生态位宽度显著大于其它2个群落,表明辽东栎幼苗和幼树能很好地适应人工油松林的环境条件;(3)在阳坡,油松幼苗的生态位宽度在辽东栎林最大为0.79,且极显著大于其它2个群落,而阳坡油松幼树的生态位宽度在人工油松林中最大为1.00;在阴坡,油松幼苗的生态位宽度在人工油松林最大为0.63,而阴坡油松幼树的生态位宽度却在油松+辽东栎混交林最大为0.83,且极显著大于其它2个群落;表明油松幼苗适应阳坡的辽东栎林环境和阴坡的人工油松林环境,油松幼树适应阳坡的人工油松林环境和油松+辽东栎林环境。结果表明,人工种植油松林有利于该地区的植被恢复,人工油松林和油松+辽东栎混交林会在该地区存在较长时间,而阳坡的油松+辽东栎混交林存在时间会更长。

Based on field survey to Ziwuling Mountain, the generational （seedling, sapling and adult） niche breadths of Quercus liaotungensis and Pinus tabulaeformis were studied with adopting Levins index in different community types,which was Q. liaotungensis forest, P. tabulaeformis ＋ Q. liaotungensis mixed forest and artificial P. tabulaeformis forest on sunny and shady slope . The results showed that the generational niche breadths of Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis were different in these community types. The niche breadth of adult was the same as community. The niche breadths of Q. liaotungensis seedling and sapling were the highest in artificial P. tabulaeformis forest on sunny slope and shady slope, which were 0. 951,0.95,0. 98 and 0.94. There were significant differences among other communities. It indicated the growth of Q. liaotungensis seedling and sapling tabulae formis forest. The niche breadth of Q. was inclined to the environmental condition of artificial P. liaotungensis seedling was the highest in Q. liaotungensisforest on sunny slope and artificial P. tabulaeformis forest on shady slope, which were 0. 79 and 0. 63. There were significant differences among other communities. The niche breadth of Q. liaotungensis sapling was the highest in artificial P. tabulaeformis forest on suuny slope and in P. tabulaeformis＋Q, liaotungensis mixed forest on shady slope, which were 1.00 and 0.83. There were significant differences among other communities. The growth of P. tabulaeformis seedling was adaptable not only to the environment condition of Q. liaotungensis forest on sunny slope,but also to that of artificial P. tabulaeformis forest on shady slope. The growth of P. tabulaeformis sapling was adaptable not only to the environment condition of artificial P. tabulaeformis forest, but also to that of Q. liaotungensis forest on sunny slope. As a whole, artificial P. tabulaeformis forest had an important effect on the restoration of natural vegetation in this region. Artificial P. tabulaeformis forest and P. tabulaeformis ＋ Q. liaotungensis mixed forest would have existed over a long period of time, while P. tabulaeformis＋Q, liaotungensis mixed forest on sunny slope would have even more.