城市规划理想主义和理性主义之辨

DIFFERENTIATION OF IDEALISM AND AND RATIONALISM IN URBAN PLANNING

针对近年来规划界有关城市规划思想和哲学层面的研讨及认识,结合哲学和思想史,辨析了理想主义、理性主义和实用主义等主要概念的内涵及其相互关系,提出了以理性主义—人文主义作为城市规划认知和解释模式;在对近年来规划界分别提出的关于城市规划属性的公共政策定义和科学定义进行分析的基础上,探讨了城市规划建构和发展的不同取向;针对科学主义的特点和我国规划界的现实,剖析了科学主义对规划界的影响;提出借鉴科学和思想史特别是经济学演变发展历史的经验,避免盲目追求“科学化”对城市规划发展可能造成的偏差。

In view of the recent discussions and researches on ideological and philosophical sphere of urban planning and by looking into the history of philosophy and thought, this paper analyzes the connotation and interrelationships between idealism, rationalism and pragmatism, suggesting that rationalism and humanism should be used as cognitive and explanatory models for urban planning. By distinguishing urban planning＇s scientific attributes and public-policy attributes, it also probes into the different approaches for constructing and developing the urban planning theory. It also analyzes the impact of scientism over the planning field according to the characteristics of scientism and the existing situation of the planning community in China. It proposes to refer to the history of science and thought, especially the history of the evolution of economics, and to avoid blindly pursuing the scientific approach which may bias the development of urban planning.