1Lobo SMA,Salgado PF.Castillo VGT,et al.Effects of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality in high risk surgical patients[J].Crit Care Med,2000,28 (10):3396 -3404.
2Tisherman SA.Hypothermia and injury[J].Curr Opin Crit Care,2004,10(6):512-519.
5Sakka SG,Meier-Hellmann A.Extremely high values of intrathoracic blood volume in critically ill patients[J].Intensive Care Med,2001,27(10):1677-1678.
6Hayes MA,Yau EH.Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving supranormal oxygen delivery and consumption:Relationship to outcome[J].Chest,1993,103 (3):663 -664.
7Dellinger RP,Carlet JM,Masur H,et al.Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock[J].Crit Care Med,2004,32 (3):858-873.
8Moomey CB,Melton SM,Croce MA,et al.Prognostic value of blood lactate,base deficit,and oxygen-derived variables in LD50model of penetrating trauma[J].Crit Care Med,1999,27 (1):154-161.
9Hayes MA,Yau EH.Response of critically ill patients to treatment aimed at achieving supranormal oxygen delivery and consumption.Relationship to outcome[J].Chest,1993,103 (3):663-664.
3Kumar A,Anel R,Bunnell E,et al.Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure fail to predict ventricular filling volume,cardiac performance,or the response to volume infusion in normal subjects.Crit Care Med,2004,32:691-699.
4Squara P,Bennett D,Perret C.Pulmonary artery catheter:does the problem lie in the users? Chest,2002,121:2009-2015.
5Zollman W,Culpepper RD,Turner MD,et al.Hemorrhagic shock in dogs comparison of treatment with shed blood alone versus shed blood plus ringer's lactate:intravascular pressures,cardiac output,oxygen consumption,arteriovenous oxygen differences,extracellular fluid PO2,electrolyte changes,and survival rates.Am J Surg,1976,131:298-305.
6Tousignant CP,Walsh F,Mazer CD.The use of transesophageal echocardiography for preload assessment in critically ill patients.Anesth Analg,2000,90:351-355.
7Berkenstadt H,Margalit N,Hadani M,et al.Stroke volume variation as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing brain surgery.Anesth Analg,2001,92:984-989.
8Wiesenack C,Prasser C,Rodig G,et al.Stroke volume variation as an indicator of fluid responsiveness using pulse contour analysis in mechanically ventilated patients.Anesth Analg,2003,96:1254-1257.
9Reuter DA,Felbinger TW,Kilger E,et al.Optimizing fluid therapy in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery by on-line monitoring of left ventricular stroke volume variations.Comparison with aortic systolic pressure variations.Br J Anaesth,2002,88:124-126.
10Reuter DA,Felbinger TW,Schmidt C,et al.Stroke volume variations for assessment of cardiac responsiveness to volume loading in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery.Intensive Care Med,2002,28:392-398.
