调亏灌溉对温室黄瓜生长发育·产量及品质的影响

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Cucumber

[目的]寻找最优的调亏灌溉方案,为节水高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]于2006年对温室黄瓜在不同生长时期采用不同的土壤含水量灌溉下限(45%～75%)组合处理,测定不同灌溉情况下植株的部分生理指标、产量、果实品质及植株的水分利用效率。[结果]温室黄瓜初花期土壤水分含量为60%￣90%田间持水量,结果期土壤水分含量保持65%～90%田间持水量对于提高果实品质最为理想,该处理果实的还原糖、可溶性总糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质的含量分别比对照高39.94%、31.34%、3.14%、5.47%,且水分利用效率比对照高9.75%,保持60%～90%田间持水量节水效果最显著,比对照高18.84%,但果实品质明显不如65%～90%田间持水量。[结论]不同时期的水分亏缺有利于增强植株抵抗干旱胁迫的能力,结果期的适度干旱可以显著提高植株的水分利用效率,减少灌水量,且产量并无显著减少。

[Objective] The study aimed to find the optimum RDI project and supply theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yield cultivation. [Method] The greenhouse cucumber was treated with lower-limit irrigation combination （45 %-75 %） of different soil water content in different growing stages in 2006 and some biological indexes, yield, fruit quality and moisture utilization efficiency of plant were determined under different irrigation conditions. [Result] The irrigation lower-limit of greenhouse cucumber in first flowering was 60 % of field moisture capacity and the soil water content was kept at 65 %-90 % of field moisture capacity in fruiting stage, which was most ideal to enhance fruit quality. In this treatment, the deoxidize sugar, total soluble sugar, Vc and soluble protein contents in fruit were 39.94 %, 31.34 %, 3.14 % and 5.47 % higher respectively than CK and the moisture utilization efficiency was 9.57 % higher than CK. The water-saving effect of keeping at 60 %-90 % of field moisture capacity was most significant, being 18.84 % higher than CK, but the fruit quality was obviously worse than that of 65 %-90 % of field moisture capacity. [Conclusion] The water deficit in different stages was favorable for increasing plant drought resistance. The moderate draught in fruiting stage could enhance moisture utilization efficiency of plant significantly and reduce irrigation amount, and the yield had no significant decrease.