对潜规则盛行与显规则约束力弱化的思考

Prevailing of hidden rules and weakening constrains of public rules

潜规则与显规则的现实关系表现为:在价值关系上对立排斥、互不相容,呈现相悖特征;在生态关系上明暗相应、共生共存,呈现相生特征;在地位关系上并行运转、纵横交错,呈现相交特征;在动态关系上对峙胶着、此消彼长,呈现相持特征。潜规则的盛行造成显规则在其内在的约束力度、强度、幅度和刚度四个层面上出现弱化趋势,其原因主要是由于社会转型期间出现的行政体制缺陷、社会道德失范以及特定的政治历史嬗变和人性弱点等因素使然,解决这些问题必须围绕加快行政体制改革、创新完善现行规则、强化规则意识教育和加大违规惩处力度等方面展开。

The relationship between hidden and public rules is as follows： they conflict with each other in value relation while corresponding to each other in ecological relation, and cross-referencing in status. The prevailing of hidden rules causes the weakening constraints of public rules in such aspects as strength, intensity, scope and rigidity. The essential cause lies in the defect of our political system, moral anomie, certain historical transmutation and the weakness of human nature in the course of the social transformation. To solve these problems, we have to quicken the steps of administrative reform, innovate and perfect the existing rules, intensify the consciousness of public rules and seriously punish those who break the rules. The causes and solutions of the problems are also discussed in this paper.