系统可观测同步相量测量单元最优配置和分阶段配置

Optimal Location and Staged Installation of Phasor Measurement Unit for Complete Observability

以电力系统配置同步相量测量单元(PMU)个数最少为目标,全网可观测、系统有最大量测冗余度为约束,提出PMU最优配置模型.针对PMU价格昂贵,很难一次性安装上所有所需PMU的实际问题,提出系统不可观测度的概念,以每阶段安装相同个数的PMU能够最大限度地提高系统量测冗余度和最终完成安装后满足系统可观测的最优配置为约束条件,提出PMU分阶段的最优配置模型.在此基础上,采用改进自适应遗传算法求解此模型,保证全局最优.在陕西49节点实际电网的PMU安装地点优化计算中,基于文中模型的算法不仅给出了14个PMU、120个量测量的最优配置方案,而且给出了优化的三阶段安装步骤,目前此方案已在实际电网中得到应用.

Taking the full network observability of power system operation state, maximum state measurement redundancy and minimum number of PMU as objectives, an optimal PMU placement（OPP） scheme is proposed. Furthermore, aiming at the high price of PMU and limitations in the availability of communication facilities around the network, a novel concept of depth of unobservability is introduced, and its impact on the number of PMU placement is explained. Taking the maximum state measurement redundancy in every stage during installation and the OPP problem of total location of PMU as objective function, a staged optimal PMU placement（SOPP） model and an adaptive genetic algorithm for OPP and SOPP problems are presented. The algo- rithm based on this model provides a 14 PMUs plan with 120 measurements as well as three optimal steps during installation in Shaanxi 49-bus system. This optimal location of PMU has been applied practically.