ISSR分子标记技术及其在园艺作物中的应用

ISSR molecular marker technique and its application in horticultural crops

ISSR是一种基于微卫星序列发展起来的新的分子标记,具有简便迅速、稳定高效、DNA多态性高等优点。ISSR标记呈孟德尔式遗传,大部分ISSR标记为显性标记。ISSR技术的基本原理是在SSR的3＇或5＇端加锚1-4个嘌呤或嘧啶碱基,引起特定位点退火,使引物与匹配SSR的一端结合,从而对基因组中特定片段进行扩增、检测,最后根据谱带的有无及相对位置分析不同样品间ISSR标记的多态性。目前ISSR分子标记技术在园艺作物的遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱构建、基因定位、分子标记辅助育种及品种纯度鉴定方面得到了广泛应用,但ISSR技术在解决交配系统、计算杂合度与父系分析等问题上效果不佳,今后仍需结合研究目的选择适宜的分子标记进行研究,以提高分子标记的选择效率。

Inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） is a new molecular marker method based on micro-satellite technique with advantages of simple, quick, stable, reliable, and higher DNA polymorphism, etc. ISSR markers are inherited in Mendelian model and most of them are dominant markers. The basic principle of ISSR technique is as followed： 1-4 purine bases or pyrimidine bases to be added in 3＇ or 5＇ end of SSR to induce the .special site an. nealing and make the primes combine with one end of matching SSR, then the specific fragments of genome are amplified and detected, and the polymorphism of ISSR marker among different samples is analyzed according to being with or without band and its relative location. At present, ISSR has been widely applied in genetic diversity research, genetic map construction, genetic mapping, molecular marker-assisted breeding and variety purity identifi cation of horticultural crops. But, the ISSR technique has no better effects on resolving the mating system, calculating heterozygosis and patrolineal analysis, and so on. In the future, suitable molecular markers would be selected according to intention of study to enhance the selection efficient of molecular markers.