栽培稻抗旱性研究进展

Advances in drought resistance ability of cultivated rice

水稻是主要粮食作物之一,干旱是限制水稻生产的主要因素之一,种植水稻抗旱品种、进行水稻节水栽培是节水农业的重要组成部分。近几十年来,栽培稻抗旱研究已取得了较大进展,栽培稻抗旱品种的育成、节水栽培技术的形成,抗干旱机理的深入研究为生产应用提供了支持,稻谷产量不断提高,经济效益明显。文章通过对栽培稻抗旱性有关研究方面包括抗旱性鉴定技术、抗旱育种、节水栽培、抗旱机理、抗旱生理生化、抗旱性遗传和抗旱分子生物学等进行概括,以期为今后进一步深入研究提供依据。今后,应加强栽培稻旱播旱管、水播旱管研究,提高节水栽培技术;利用现代生物技术加强与抗旱有关的外源基因的研究,用以改良抗旱性,提高栽培稻的抗旱性。

Rice is one of the main food crops and drought is one of the main factors on limiting its production. Planting drought resistance rice varieties and carrying out water .saving cultivation are the important components of water saving agriculture, and the development trend of modern agriculture. In the past few decades, the research on drought resistance of cultivated rice has made great progress ; the breeding of drought resistance variety of culti vated rice, the information of water-saving cultivation techniques and the intensive studies on drought mechanism have provided the basis for rice production, so the continuously increasing of yield and economic benefits is obvious. The paper summarized the drought resistance researches of cultivated rice including the determination techniques of drought resistance, breeding of drought resistance, water-saving cultivation, drought resistance mechanism, drought resistance physiology and biochemistry, drought resistance genetic and molecular biology, etc. , it will provide the referrence basis for further studies. In the future, upland type management of drought seeding and wet seeding of cultivated rice should be strengthened to improve the water-saving cultivation techniques; the study on the foreign gene related to drought resistance should be enhanced to improve drought resistance of ricc by apply ing modern biotechnology.