高温高湿环境下犬贯通性颅脑火器伤模型的建立

Establishment of Penetrating Craniocerebral Firearm Wound Model in Megathermal and Megahumid Environment in Dogs

目的建立高温高湿环境下犬贯通性颅脑火器伤动物模型。方法成年杂种犬40只,采用国产"54"式军用手枪,7.62mm手枪弹,枪口距犬额部10cm远处,冠状方向射击,制作颅脑贯通性火器伤模型。致伤后随机分为二组,即常温常湿组(对照组)气温(Ta)(22.0±0.5)℃,相对湿度(RH)50%和高温高湿组(Ta)(39.0±0.5)℃,RH(80%～85%),每组20只。Powlab/8sp生理记录仪动态监测体温、呼吸(R)、心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)变化;监测血气分析和血电解质变化。结果高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤组伤情明显重于对照组,表现为生命体征紊乱,使呼吸明显加快,循环、体温调节功能衰竭;缩短了动物生存时间,增加动物的死亡率。结论该动物模型对观察高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤早期伤情变化特点是可行的、合理的,适应于高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤的早期病理生理研究,并为该类创伤的早期救治提供实验依据。

Objective To provide the animal model for further study of the pathophysiological changes after the penetrating craniocerebral firearm wound （PCFW） in the megathermal and megahumid environment （MME）. Methods The PCFW model was established in the adult dogs by ＂54＂type pistol with bullets 7. 62 mm in diameter. The dogs with PCFW were randomly divided into both the control group （the atmospheric temperature was 22. 0℃ ± 0. 5℃ and relative humidity was 50%）, and MME group （the atmospheric temperature was 39. 0℃ ± 0. 5℃ and relative humidity was 80%-85%） of 20 dogs each. The changes in vital signs including body temperature, respiration and heart rates, and mean arterial pressure were recorded by powlab/8 sp physiological recorder. The changes in the blood gas and electrolytes were monitored before PCFW, and 5 minutes, and 1, 3 and 6 hours after PCFW in all the dogs. Results The respiration and heart rates were significantly faster in MME group than those in the control group（P〈0. 05）, and the mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in the MME group than that in the control group 1, 3 and 6 hours after PCFW（P〈0. 05） . The body temperature was significantly higher in the MME group than that in the control group 1, 3 and 6 hours after PCFW（P〈0. 05） . The disturbance of the blood gas and electrolytes were more significant in the MME group than those in the control group 1, 3 and 6 hours after PCFW（P〈0. 05）. The mortality in the MME group was significantly higher than that in the control group 6 hours after PCFW（P〈0. 05） . Conclusion The PCFW model is practicable and suitable for investigating the pathophysioloygical change after PCFW in MME. The present results provide the experimental basis for the diagnosis and treatment of PCFW in MME.