海河流域地下水系统脆弱性评价的探讨

Study on the groundwater vulnerability assessment in Haihe River Basin

海河流域地下水目前面临着严峻的生态与环境问题。结合海河流域具体情况,选择山前平原的石家庄和唐山、中部平原的沧州和衡水、东部滨海平原的天津等地作为5个典型区域进行具体研究。在采用DRASTIC方法对典型区域进行地下水脆弱性评价时,选取了地下水埋深、土壤有机质含量、含水层的渗透系数、含水层累计(沙层)厚、降雨灌溉等入渗补给率、地下水开采系数这6个参数作为评价指标,并以此指标体系为基础进行了脆弱性研究。结果表明,海河流域地下水各典型区的脆弱性指数均较高,海河流域地下水的脆弱性问题较为严重。要恢复和提高地下水系统的生态与环境功能,需采取6项对策措施。

In this paper,according to the serious eco-environmental problem of the groundwater in Haihe River Basin,the concepts and the assessment methods of the groundwater vulnerability are discussed.Based on the conditions in Haihe River Basin,five representative cities in Haihe River Basin--Shijiazhuang and Tangshan（lying in plains adjacent to mountains）,Cangzhou and Hengshui（lying in middle plains）and Tianjin（lying in east coastal plains）are selected for the specific study.Then,six parameters such as depth to water,aquifer thickness,soil organic matter content,aquifer coefficient of transmissibility,pumping rate density and net recharge are used to form the vulnerability assessment factor system for the groundwater vulnerability assessment in Haihe River Basin.The results show that the vulnerability indexes of five representative cities are all a little higher than the standard value,and that the groundwater vulnerability problem is very serious in Haihe River Basin.