四川省凉山州1998年霍乱流行病学分析

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON CHOLERA PREVALENCE IN LIANGSHAN STATE OF SICHUAN PROVINCE IN 1998

[目的]探讨凉山州彝族聚居区霍乱流行特点和流行因素,为预防控制提供依据。[方法]用描述性流行病学分析凉山州1998年霍乱流行资料。[结果]1998年凉山州17个县市中10个县市发生霍乱流行,全州发病率14.75/10万,病死率12.96%。疫区分布在高寒山区或二半山区的彝族聚居区,疫点多面广;有3个流行波,流行期最长达122d,冬春季也出现暴发流行;病例以青壮年为主,占63.75%。疫区环境污染严重。流行菌株以埃尔托型霍乱弧菌小川血清型6b生物型占优势。[结论]1998年凉山州大面积霍乱流行的因素,为流动人口传入霍乱,引起暴发流行,病区贫困,生产生活方式落后,环境卫生状况不良是流行基础。不良习俗、连续的奔丧、探视、聚餐使疫情蔓延扩散。病区缺医少药,延误疫情控制。

[Objective ] To explore the epidemiological features and influential factors of cholera prevalence in Liangshan State, and to provide evidence for cholera control and prevention. [Methods] The data of cholera prevalence in Liangshan in 1998 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. [ Results] In 1998, 10 counties （city） were discovered cholera prevalence among 17eounfies （city） in Liangshan State, the incidence rate was 14.75/100 000, and the fatality rate was 12.96%. Epidemic area was remote mountain area where the Yi people lived, epidemic focus distributed widely and the quantity was big. There were three cases of prevalence, the longest epidemic time was 122 days, and outbreak epidemic appeared in spring and winter. Most of eases were young adults, accounting for 63.75%. Epidemic area was polluted seriously. And the epidemic strain was el-tot bid-type, Ogawa-6b. [ Conclusions ] The outbreak epidemic of cholera in Liangshan State in 1998 is imported by fluid population, based on the poverty , laggard litestyle and production mode, and bad environment sanotation in epidemic area ,the unbealthy customs for the funeral and dining together in the funeral promote the spread and diffuse of choler＇ a, and the control of epidemic situation is deferred resulting from lacking medical workers and medicines.