汉代官吏家庭生活考

On the Family Life of the Officials in the Han Dynasty

汉代官吏的家庭生活有两大种情况:地方小吏和京师小吏一般情况下在任职期间不能携带家眷,与家人过着两地分居的生活;而地方长官和京师长官则可携带妻子家人入住官舍或公府。在两地分居的小官吏家庭里,妻子在家承担主要的家务劳动及农田劳动。这是其享有一定的家庭地位和社会地位的基础。在夫妻团聚的大官吏家庭里,妻子随夫赴任,照顾丈夫生活起居,丈夫是其生活的中心。这两种家庭生活模式反映出汉代家庭中的两性关系是一种和谐相助的关系,而不是对立统一的关系。

In the Han Dynasty, the officials＂ family life mainly had two forms. Generally neither local junior officials nor the junior officials in the capital could have their family members together with them when they were in office, thus they lived separately from their family members. But the senior officials, both local and in the capital, could live with their family members in their official residence. In the families of the junior officials, whose family members were not with them, their wives were in charge of the main housework and the labor on the farm. This was the basis of their social status in both family and society. In the families of the senior officials whose family members lived together with them, the wives followed and cared for their husbands.＇ The husband was the center of the family life. The two types of family life of the Hart Dynasty officials showed that in the Hart Dynasty, the relationship of males and females was in harmony and they helped each other, not in a relationship of contradiction.