保险法上的“重要事实”研究

保险法重要事实的实质是:该事实影响到保险人对风险的推测。重要事实的表现形式是:该事实的出现能够导致保险人拒绝承保或者以更高的保费承保。判断事实是否重要的主体标准是"谨慎保险人"标准,即在同一时间和同一市场上具有一般知识水平和预见能力的保险人。在事实对谨慎保险人影响的问题上,英美法系采取"考虑标准"。同时,为了消除采用"考虑标准"对被保险人带来的不利影响,英美法系发展出"诱因"规则,以限制保险人的拒赔行为。符合纯事实因素、主体标准以及因果联系,构成英美保险法上的重要事实。

The essence of the major fact in the Insurance Law is that this fact has an impact on the insurer＇s judgment of the level of risk. The important fact＇s characteristic is： the advent of this fact can lead to insurer＇s rejection of the application or acceptance of cover with extra premium, And the standard for judging whether the fact is major or not is the principal standard of ＂prudent insurer＂ ,namely,an insurer with a common level of knowledge and foresight in the same market at the current time. In the issue of the impact of the fact on the insurer, the Anglo-American law system adopts the ＂consideration standard＂. Meanwhile,in order to eliminate unfavorable effect on the insured people due to the application of the ＂consideration standard＂ ,the system has developed an ＂inducement＂ role to limit the insurer＇s refuse to pay for the claims. The concept of major fact in the Anglo-American system requires that the fact satisfies the requirement of being a pure fact factor, a principal standard and a relation of cause of effect.