精子冻融技术及其研究进展

Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa

精子冻融是辅助生殖技术的基础,冻融可能造成精子结构损伤和活力功能丧失,因此优化冻融方法十分必要。提高冷冻前精液质量、进行精子优选、添加合适的冷冻保护剂、选择适宜的冷冻复苏方法等均可有效地减少冻融损伤,有利于保存男性生育力。本文对精子冻融的基本原理、方法改良、针对特殊质量精液的冷冻方法及冷冻后精子质量评估进行了综述。

Sperm cryopreservation has revolutionized the field of assisted reproduction. However, it causes cryodamage to the structure and function of spermatozoa during the freezing-thawing process. Optimization of sperm cryopreservation is necessary for the preservation of male fertility. Cryodamage can be reduced effectively by such methods as improvement of semen quality before freezing, spermatozoal selection, addition of optimal cryoprotectants and application of appropriate thawing techniques. Recent studies focus on cryobiology, improvement of freezing-thawing methods, especially for poor quality semen, and evaluation criteria for post-thaw spermatozoa.