江汉平原砂梨树生长异常的原因分析

Analysis of the Reason of Abnormal Growth of Common Pear (Pyrus Communis L) in Jianghan Plain

以同一果园里3龄发育正常（A类）与异常（B类）的2类砂梨树为材料,调查了地上部主要生长指标、土壤养分和叶片养分含量间的差异。结果表明,A类砂梨树地上部生长的主要指标是B类砂梨树相应指标的1.2-1.6倍,绝大多数A类砂梨树已开花和挂果,但B类砂梨树未见开花和挂果;种植A类树的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均较高,分别是种植B类树土壤养分的1.74、1.70、2.24和2.03倍;A、B2类树叶片间氮或磷含量差异均不明显,但钾素含量间差异较大,A类树叶片含钾量是B类含钾量的1.82倍;A类树叶片无缺钾症状,而B类叶片均有不同程度的缺钾症状出现,其缺钾病情指数为43%-61%。因此,建议对B类砂梨树及时补施钾肥,以校正土壤缺钾和砂梨树叶片的缺钾症状。

The growth indexes of aboveground organs,soil nutrients and leaf nutrients were investigated between 3-year old trees of normal (A type) and abnormal (B type) common pear (Pyrus communis L).The results indicated that the main growth indexes in aboveground organs of A type trees were 1.2~1.6 times of those of B type trees.And that most A type trees bloomed and fruited but B type trees did not;The soil in which A type trees grew contained higher content of organic matter,Alkali-N,avail-P and avail-K,which were 1.74,1.70,2.24 and 2.03 times of those of B type trees;Contents of N and P2O5 between leaves of both type trees were not obviously different,while K2O was distinct with the content of A type trees 1.82 times of those of B type;The leaves of A type trees showed no symptom of K2O lack,but the leaves of B type trees lack K2O obviously with a 43%~61% disease index.Thus supplying K fertilizer in time for the B type trees was suggested so as to adjust the lack of K2O in the soil and the symptom of K2O lack on their leaves.