没有人身自由的自由劳动者——20世纪前半叶拉萨建筑手工业者生存状态研究

Study on the Living Condition of Building Handicrafsmen in Lhasa in the First half of the 20^(th) Century

民主改革前(1959年),西藏手工业者,特别是与建筑业有关的手工业者,大部分集中在拉萨、日喀则、江孜等城镇,主要为寺院、西藏地方政府以及世俗贵族修建房屋。西藏手工业者并不是自由劳动者,而是与领主保持着人身依附关系从事手工业生产的农奴,他们同时又受到由地方政府建立的手工业行会的管理,为政府支应差役,属于政府的雇工。文章试图通过对拉萨建筑手工业者生存状态的初步研究,探寻20世纪前半叶西藏城市居民社会生活的点滴。

In the first half of the 20th century, the building handicrafsmen of Tibet mainly worked in Lhasa and other cities and towns to build monasteries and houses of aristocrats. They were not free laborers,they serfed in one hand; under the charge of trade unions, they work for the local government on the other hand. Their working and living condition in Lhasa can partially reflect the social life status of all handicraftsmen of Tibet.