记叙文中因果连贯对空间情境模型回溯建构的促进

Effect of Causal Coherence on backward Construction of Situation Model of Space during Narrative Comprehension

采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨记叙文理解中因果关系对于空间信息加工的作用。实验1和2的自变量是故事中空间信息与故事结果的因果关系,采用相关样本t检验对不同条件下探测词的反应时进行统计分析,结果表明因果关系不仅会影响文本明确提及的空间信息的加工而且能够促进隐含的空间关系建构情境模型。实验3的自变量是故事中物体与位置词的空间关系,采用相关样本t检验对不同条件下位置探测词的反应时进行统计分析,结果进一步表明空间情境模型是读者为保持故事因果连贯回溯建构的而不是在阅读进程中的实时建构。实验4中空间关系的复杂程度增大,结果发现当故事中空间信息的文本距离较远时即使有保持因果连贯的需要,读者仍无法回溯建构空间模型。

Moving information during window method was used to investigate the role of narrative comprehension. Subjects were undergraduate causal relationship in the process of spatial students from South China Normal University. According to the causal relationship between spatial information and outcome of the story, materials in experiments 1 and 2 were respectively divided into causal version in which spatial information was causally related to outcome and control version in which spatial information was unrelated to outcome. Paired - samples T test was used to compare reaction time of object probes in different conditions. The result showed that causal information had effect not only on the process of explicit spatial information but also on the construction of situation model about implicit spatial information. Materials in Experiment 3 were divided into related version and unrelated version, according to the spatial relationship between object and location word. The result further demonstrated that situation model about implicit spatial relationship was backwardly constructed in order to keep the whole story coherent causally. In Experiment 4, spatial relationship was made more complex to find that readers could not backwardly construct situation model even if it was useful to keep the story causally coherent.