山西省煤炭开采环境损失的经济核算

Study of Environmental Damage Accounting by Coal Mining Activities in Shanxi Province

以环境经济学的经济外部性理论为依据,识别采煤过程中生态环境的外部不经济因素,应用环境价值评价法,对这些不经济因素进行量化和货币化,初步建立了省域煤炭开采环境污染和生态破坏经济损失核算体系.以2003年为基准年,核算了山西省煤炭开采环境污染和生态破坏的经济损失量.结果表明:2003年山西省煤炭开采环境污染与生态破坏造成的损失约为286.7468×108元,折合每t煤损失63.79元.其中环境污染年损失61.9794×108元,折合每t煤损失13.78元;生态破坏损失224.7674×108元,折合每t煤损失50.00元.依据该核算结果,1978─2003年山西省累计采煤约65×108t,所造成的环境损失约为4100×108元.

The environmental external diseconomical factors during coal mining activities were identified based on the externality theory of environmental economics. The quantitative and monetary analyses for these diseconomical factors were made by using environmental value evaluation method, and the economic loss assessment system of environmental pollution and ecological damage during coal mining activities in Shanxi Province was elementarily established. Based on the data of 2003, the economic loss from the environmental pollution and ecological damage by coal mining activities across the province was calculated. It was shown that this annual economic loss in Shanxi Province was about 28.674 68 billion RMB yuan, or 63.79 RMB yuan of loss for one ton of coal. This includes 6.197 94 billion RMB yuan of annual economic loss from the environmental pollution, or 13.78 RMB yuan of loss for one ton of coal; and 22.476 74 billion RMB yuan of annual economic loss from ecological damage, or 50.00 RMB yuan of loss for one ton of coal. Based on the accounting, the economic loss from the eco-environment damage was around 410 billion RMB yuan, resulting from a total of 6.5 billion tons of coal mining in Shanxi Province from 1978 to 2003.