护理干预对减轻居家痴呆照顾者抑郁焦虑情绪的效果评价

Effects of a one-year nursing intervention on depression and anxiety in family caregivers of homeboundpatients with dementia

目的评价护理干预对减轻居家痴呆患者照顾者抑郁、焦虑情绪的效果，为居家痴呆患者及其照顾者的社区护理干预提供依据。方法将临床诊断的53例居家痴呆患者的照顾者随机分为对照组和干预组，分别于干预前和干预后3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月，使用抑郁、焦虑自评量表评定并比较两组照顾者的抑郁、焦虑情绪。结果实施护理干预后，干预组发生抑郁情绪的照顾者由干预前的10（55．6％）例降低至干预1年后的4（22．2％）例（P〈0．05）；干预组发生焦虑情绪的照顾者由干预前的7（38．9％）例降低至干预后1年的2（11．1％）例，但统计学差异不显著。干预组照顾者SDS分值由干预前的（40．22±6．07）分减轻至干预后3月的（33．94±8．58）分（P〈0．05）、干预后6月（34．83±9．16）分（P〈0．05）、干预后9月的（35．89±8．22）分（P〈0．05）及干预后1年的（35．67±6．91）分（P〈0．05）；SAS分值由干预前的（35．83±7．69）分减轻至干预后3月的（30．50±8．23）分（P〈0．05）、干预后6月的（33．28±8．71）分，干预后9月的（27．89±5．23）分（P〈0．05）及干预后1年的（29．67±6．18）分（P〈0．05）；对照组照顾者的SDS、SAS得分干预前后差异无显著性。结论针对居家痴呆患者照顾者的护理干预有助于缓解照顾者的抑郁及焦虑情绪。

Objective To evaluate the effects of a one-year nursing intervention on depression and anxiety in family caregivers of homebound patients with dementia. Methods 53 subjects were randomly assigned to con- trol group or nursing intervention group. Depression and Anxiety were measured using the Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS） and Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） at 3-month intervals. To compare the outcomes with t test and re- peated measures of ANOVA by SPSS 12.0 statistic software. Results In intervention group, caregivers＇ depres- sion was significantly reduced after 3-month intervention （ P 〈 0.05 ） and remained stability till the end of the in- tervention. Caregivers＇ anxiety was significantly reduced at 3 months and 9 months （ P〈 0.05 ）, and remained sta- bility at 12 months. Conclusions The nursing intervention can help to reduce depression and anxiety suffered by family caregivers of homebound patients with dementia.