注意缺陷多动障碍儿童气质及行为问题的相关研究

A relevant study on children＇ s temperament characteristic and behavioral problems of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的气质特征,了解ADHD儿童的气质与行为问题的关系。方法 采用《3～7岁儿童气质问卷》、《8～12岁儿童气质问卷》和《Achenbach儿童行为量表》对73例6～11岁ADHD患儿及47例正常儿童进行测查。结果 1.ADHD组儿童中难养型和中间偏难养型占的比例大,分别为23.3%和37.0%,ADHD组的8个气质维度：活动水平、节律性、适应性、情绪本质、持久性、反应强度[分别为（3.90±0.77）分、（3.47±0.60）分、（3.53±0.58）分、（3.35±0.57）分、（3.64±0.67）分、（3.87±0.82）分]均高于正常对照组[（3.37±0.62）分、（3.11±0.61）分、（3.21±0.57）分、（2.96±0.56）分、（3.04±0.81）分、（3.40±0.74）分],两者有高度显著性差异（P〈0.01）,ADHD组的注意分散、反应阈[分别为（4.33±0.78）分、（3.66±0.83）分]与对照组[分别为（4.01±0.69）分、（3.33±0.68）分],有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。2.ADHD组和对照组比较,男童的行为因子中分裂样、多动、违纪、强迫性及攻击性有高度显著性差异（P〈0.01）,体述、社会退缩、抑郁有显著差异性（P〈0.05）。女童的行为因子中攻击性、多动有高度显著性差异（P〈0.01）,体述、社会退缩、抑郁有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。3.ADHD组男女童的气质纬度与多个行为因子具有相关性。结论 1.ADHD儿童较对照组儿童更容易产生行为问题。2.ADHD儿童的气质有其独特性,其气质纬度与行为关系密切。3.针对ADHD儿童气质特点进行行为矫正可减少行为问题的发生。

Objective To explore the relationship between the temperament characteristic and the behavioral problems, of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Methods 73 children with ADHD and 47 healthy children were chosen from age 6 - 11, all cases were tested by Chinese preschool children temperament scale （CPTS）, Chinese school children temperament scale （CSTS）, Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL）. Results 1. There were obvious increase in the percentage of the difficult type and the intermediate-difficult type among the ADHD group （23.3% and 37.0% ）, In their temperament test, the scores of the ADHD group in their activity level, rhythmicity, adaptability, intensity of reaction, mood, persistence （ 3.90± 0.77,3.47± 0.60,3.53 ± 0.58,3.35 ± 0.57,3.64 ± 0.67,3.87 ± 0.82） are higher than the scores of the normal group （3.37 ±0.62,3.11 ±0.61,3.21 ±0.57,2.96 ± 20.56,3.04 ±0.81,3.40± 20.74）, the differences have great significance. （ P 〈 0.01 ）, the distraction, reaction level of the ADHD group （4.33 ± 0.78,3.66 ± 0.83 ） than the normal group （4.01 ± 0.69,3.33± 0.68 ）, the differences have significance （ P 〈 0.05 ）. 2. The scores of the ADHD group and the normal group in their behavior test showed a great difference in boys＇ schizothymia, hyperactivity, disobey, depression, compulsion （ P 〈 0.01 ）, aggressivity, body states, society flinches （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and in girl＇ s aggressivity , hyperactivity（ P 〈 0.01 ）, body states, depression, society flinches （ P 〈 0.05 ）. 3. The temperament latitudes of children with ADHD were relevant with multiple behavioral factors. Conclusion 1. ADHD children are easy to complicated with behavioral problems. 2. The temperament of children with ADHD had peculiar characteristics ; The temperament latitudes of children with ADHD were relevant with behavioral factors. 3. It can deduce the ADHD children＇ s behavioral problems if we use by the their temperament.