“视域融合度”:伽达默尔的“视域融合论”批判

Interpretation of Text and Level of Fusion of Horizons

伽达默尔的"视域融合论"因其哲学诠释学的本体论取向而具有天然的局限性。它仅仅揭示了文本理解和解释过程中"视域融合"的生存论事实,但对于如何达成"视域融合"缺乏足够的方法论分析和反思。因此,有必要提出"视域融合度"来深化对文本理解和解释中的视域融合问题的方法论思考。"视域融合度"涉及两个方面:其一是文本契合度,即与文本之间在语义学上的契合度,以及与作者原初意图之间的契合度。要提高文本契合度,很大程度上要依赖于对文本语境的还原,包括文本学还原、历史学还原和心理学还原。其二是现实相关度,即读者对文本的理解和解释融入现实、影响现实的程度。能否在文本所代表的普遍性与读者现实处境的特殊性之间建立起一种批判性关联,成为制约文本现实相关度的关键。

Restricted by its ontological view, fusion of horizons, an important concept in Gadamer＇s philosophical Hermeneutics, has its essential limits. It shows us only the fact of fusion of horizons, which exists in the process of understanding and interpretation of a text, while it lacks of methodological analysis or reflection about the fact. In order to deepening our reflection about the question of fusion of horizon, we need to set up a new concept, level of fusion of horizons. In my opinion, this concept involves two dimensions. First is the level of tallying with a text. It consists of semantic tallying with a text and essentially tallying with its author＇s original intention. To reach a high level of tallying with a text, the reductions of its author＇s original situations are needed. Second is the level of an interrelation between a text and its reader＇s situations. It especially means the level of an understanding and interpretation of a text productively influence its reader＇s situations. It is very important to set up a critical relation between the same text and its reader＇s variable situations in the process of understanding and interpretation.