便携式X射线防护罩在地方病流动X射线摄影中的应用价值

Development of a mobile shield for X-ray radiography and its application in diagnosis of endemic diseases

目的研制便携式X射线防护罩配合地方病流动X射线摄影，以达到良好的防护效果及工作质量。方法按照常规摄片方法，将X射线管固定在支架上拍摄前臂及小腿，放射人员距X射线管中心线1和2m处分次曝光，同时使用加压电离室巡测仪测放射人员头、胸及腹部的剂量当量率；再把X射线管放入防护罩内拍摄相同部位，对应测试其剂量当量率。对X射线胶片进行空曝感光测试。深入病区拍摄55例受检者，检测照片质量及工作效果。结果常规拍摄前臂片的剂量当量率分别为1043、1191、1297及512、673、798ptSv／h；小腿摄片分别为1356、1489、1675及743、978、1127μSv／h。防护罩前臂摄片的剂量当量率分别为1．7、2．9、7．9及0．6、1．3、3．1μSv／h；小腿摄片分别为2．2、3．4、9．1及0．9、1．2、3．9μSv／h。防护罩摄片的剂量当量率是常规摄片剂量当量率的1／150—11800，比常规摄片提高优质照片率30％。结论便携式X射线防护罩小巧、灵便，适合多部位X射线摄片，为地方病及相关疾病流动X射线检查提供了安全可靠的防护装置。

Objective To develop a mobile shield for X-ray radiography in order to improve the protection of operators against the exposure in diagnosis of endemic diseases at site. Methods Firstly, X-ray tube was routinely fixed on the stand while the operator was 1 and 2 m respectively away from the axis of it. When the shanks and forearms of the patient were exposed fractionally, the dose-equivalent rates of operator were detected at their forehead, chest and abdomen by pressurized ionization chamber. Secondly, the mobile shield was added befor X-ray tube. The same parts were exposed and the dose-equivalent rates at the corresponding positions were detected as above. Fifty-five people were examined in areas with endemic diseases. The X-ray films were sham-exposed as control. The photographing quality was assessed. Results In the routine way, the dose-equivalent rates for the forearms were 1043, 1191, and 1297 μSv/h at 1 m, and 512, 673, and 798 μSv/h at 2 m, while for the shanks were 1356, 1489, 1675 μSv/h at 1 m, and 743, 978 and 1127 μSv/h at 2 m, respectively. After the shied was added, the dose-equivalent rates for the forearms reduced to 1.7, 2.9 and 7.9 μSv/h at 1 m, and 0.6, 1.3 and 3.1 μSv/h at 2 m, while for the shanks were 2.2, 3.4, 9.1 μSv/h at 1 m, and 0.9, 1.2, and 3.9 μSv/h at 2 m respectively, which were 1/150-1/800 of the former. Moreover, the percentage of high-quality photots was increased by 30%. Conclusions As a small device, the mobile shield for X-ray radiography is convenient for photograph of multi-parts, which helps to perform the X-ray test safely and effectively in areas of endemic diseases.