逍遥与庄子哲学

Carefree Doctrine and Zhuang-Zi's Philosophy

庄子以合乎人性或人性化的存在方式为人"在"世的应然形态,逍遥的意义,首先便在于它体现了如上价值趋向。在"乘天地之正"的形式下,循乎外在法则与合乎内在人性相互统一,逍遥则超越了被限定与有所待的存在方式而展现了自由的品格。但同时,庄子又将自然的形态视为逍遥之境,以无为消解目的性,自由与自然的某种等同,使之对自由的价值内涵也未能给予充分的注意。不过,以逍遥之境为指向,庄子哲学中的统一性与个体性、天与人的张力,在某种意义上得到了化解。

The Master Zhuang-Zi holds that human existence should be humanistic in a natural state, whose value finds expression in his carefree doctrine. With the unification of following both the external law and the internal humanity, his carefree doctrine transcends the means of restricted and established existence and expresses the features of freedom. Zhuang-Zi also holds that the natural state is the carefree state without clear purposes, and equates freedom with nature in a certain degree, which somewhat ignores the values embodied in freedom. However, with the carefree state as the orientation, the tension between unity and individuality and that between man and nature have somewhat been relieved.