海南岛野生香蕉居群分布与居群内植物组成

Distribution of Wild Banana(M. itinerans) Population and Species Composition Within the population in Hainan Island

野生香蕉有生长势和抗寒能力等优良特性,是香蕉遗传改良的重要种质来源。如何更好地利用和保护野生香蕉的遗传多样性,是目前急需研究解决的问题。本文调查研究了海南省野生香蕉的居群分布与居群内植物组成。海南岛野生香蕉(Musaitinerans)主要分布在北纬18°45′￣19°19′,东经109°22′￣109°56′之间,年均降水量1800mm等值线以内的中部山区及其东部的丘陵地带,根据地形地貌、气候特征、植被类型和空间距离等因素,划分为黎母岭、阜龙乡、南高岭、鹦哥岭、百花岭、阿佗岭、大本山和吊罗山等八个分布区域。根据野生香蕉生物学特性的调查,认为海南岛这种大面积分布的野生香蕉为阿宽蕉(Musaitinerans),基因型为AB型。阜龙乡野生香蕉居群内主要植物28种,其中乔本植物4种、灌木植物5种、草本植物8种、藤本植物4种和蕨类植物7种,野生香蕉为明显的单优群落,但也存在植物间的共生性和生长的竞争性。人工压力和生态胁迫是造成野生香蕉遗传资源流失的主要因素,周围自然环境的恶化,也破坏了野生香蕉居群内各动植物的协同进化,建议从维护原生境来保护野生香蕉种质资源,并建立完善的保护体系和野外监测体系。

In this paper, we investigated the distribution of wild banana （M. itinerans ） population and species composition within the population in Hainan Island, China. They mainly distributes in the region of latitude 18°45′～19° 19′north and longitude 109°22′～109° 56′ east, and the majority of population distribution lies in the center and the east area of the island, which is in the 1800 mm isoline of annual rainfall. The wild banana is further proved as the species of Musa itinerans according to Simmonds taxonomy. Based on the factors of geomorphologic, landform, climate, vegetation and space, the distribution area of wild banana are zoned into Limuling, Fulongxiang, Nangaoling, Yinggeling, Baihualing, Atuoling, Dabenshan and Diaoluoshan units. About 28 species, including 4 trees, 5 shrubs, 8 herbaceous plants, 4 lianas and 7 ferns, were found within the in- vestigated area of the Fulongxiang population. The results revealed that the singleness, symbiosis and competition to some extent among species existed within the population. Due to the human-disturbed and ecosystem stress, the germplasm resource of wild banana have been quickly lost and coevolution was changed. The germplasm re- source protection of wild banana by in-situ and construction of modernized monitor system were proposed.