烟碱含量的影响因素及其调控技术

Influential Factors and Regulation on Nicotine Content

针对近几年来烟草生产上一直存在的烟叶尤其是上部烟叶烟碱含量偏高,烟叶可用性降低的问题,通过分析品种,气候、土壤、海拔等生态因素以及氮、磷、钾等营养元素,移栽期、种植密度、打顶、留叶数、生长调节剂等栽培措施对烟碱含量的影响。提出了①培育烟碱含量适宜品种;②烟叶种植向生态适宜区转移;③适量施用氮磷肥、平衡施用微量元素;④合理确定移栽期、打顶密度和留叶数;⑤采用生长调节剂;⑥超临界CO2萃取降低烟碱;⑦微生物降解烟碱等降低烟碱,提高烟叶可用性的技术措施。

According to the problems of the higher nicotine contents in tobacco leaves especially top leaves and reducing usability of tobacco leaves in recent years.by analysis of the Influential Factors of breed,climate, soil, elevation as well as other agronomic treatments including mineral elements of N, P, K, transplanting time, plant population, topping, plant growth regulator, the authors put forward the technical measures of reducing nicotine and enhancing the usability of tobacco leaves： （1）cuhivating breeds with proper nicotine contents; （2）shifting the tobacco cultivation toward proper area; （3）applying the right amount of N, P, K, balancing applying microelement; （4）Rational ascertaining transplanting time, topping density and leaves remainedt; （5）adopting the plant growth regulator; （6）reduction of nicotine by supercritical CO2 extraction; （7）microbial degradation of nicotine etc. Nicotine, Genetic characteristic, Ecological element, Cultivation measure, Regulation