不同栽培模式下早稻-再生稻的养分积累与分配特性

The Properties of the Accumulation and Partitioning of Nutrients in Early Season and Ratoon Rice(Oryza sativa L) under Different Cultivation models

【研究目的】探讨不同栽培模式早稻-再生稻水稻的养分积累动态和分配特征;【方法】以杂交水稻新组合Ⅱ优航1号为材料,采用超高产栽培(SHC)和常规栽培(CC)模式,通过测定水稻各生育期的干物质积累和养分含量变化;【结果】超高产模式头季稻稻株N含量在全生育期均高于常规模式,孕穗前稻株P含量、黄熟前及再生稻K含量亦明显高于常规模式。超高产模式头季稻完熟期积累的N、P、K依次达15.06g/m2、4.58g/m2、15.8g/m2,分别比常规模式高出47.2%、21.2%和低9.1%;分配到籽粒的N、P、K比例依次为50.5%、47.8%、25.3%,与常规栽培相近;N、P、K生产效率依次为75.39kg/kg、247.9kg/kg、71.9kg/kg,P、K生产效率略高于常规栽培。超高产模式再生稻完熟期积累的N、P、K依次达10.9g/m2、4.05g/m2、12.9g/m2,比常规模式高出38.0%、30.5%和78.3%;分配到籽粒的N、P、K比例依次为51.0%、68.1%、15.5%,N、K分别比常规模式低9.1%和7.0%;N、P、K生产效率依次为75.60kg/kg、203.5kg/kg、63.9kg/kg;N、K生产效率低于常规栽培的。超高产模式头季稻的N、P、K需求量为:17.9g/m2、6.77g/m2、34.9g/m2,比常规模式高出54.3%、35.4%、73.6%,再生稻N、P、K需求量为:9.59g/m2、3.61g/m2、17.20g/m2,比常规栽培高出61.2%、43.8%、361.1%;【结论】超高产模式下水稻养分需求量大,转运比较顺畅,促进水稻高产的形成,但N、K生产效率有待进一步提高。

[OBJECTIVE]The objective was to reveal characteristics of nutrients accumulation and distribution in early and ratoon rice under different cultivation models; [METHOD]Dry weight and nutrients contents in the rice plants were determined at different developmental stages, using a new combination hybrid rice Ⅱ Youhang 1 under super high-yield cuhivation （SHC） and conventional cultivation（CC） models;[RESULTS]The results showed that the accumulated N, P and K in the plant were 15.06 g/m^2, 4.58 g/m^2 and 15.8 g/m^2 at the fully ripening stage under SHC models, which were 47.2%, 21.2% higher and 9.1% lower than those under CC models respectively. The nutrients partitioned into grain were 50.5%, 47.8% and 25.3%, they were approximately equal to those as mentioned above. The production efficiencies of N, P and K were 75.39 kg/kg, 247.9 kg·kg-1 and 71.9 kg/kg respectively, showing higher use efficiency of P and K. The accumulated N, P and K in ratoon rice plants were 10.9 g/m^2, 4.05 g/m^2 and 12.9 g/m^2respectively at fully ripening stage, which were 38.0%, 30.5% and 78.3% higher than those CC models. The partitioned ratio of nutrients into grain were 51.0%, 68.1% and 15.5%, which was 9.1% lower for N and 7.0% lower for K than that in rice under CC models. The use efficiencies of N, P and K were 75.60 kg/kg, 203.5 kg/kg and 63.9 kg/kg respectively, showing lower use efficiency of N and K for SHC models. The demands for N, P and K in the early season rice in SHC models were 17.9 g/m^2, 6.77 g/m^2, 34.9 g/m^2, which were 54.3%, 35.4% and 73.6% higher than those in CC models respectively, and 9.59 g/m^2 N, 3.61 g/m^2P, 17.20 g/m^2 K were needed in the ratoon rice crop, showing 61.2%,43.8% and 361.1% higher than those in CC models; [CONCLUSION]In a word, a higher nutrients demand, accompanying with more smoothly absorption and translocation of N, P and K which were beneficial to nutrients partition in the plants and enhanced production, but further effort must be made to enhance the utilization efficiency of N and K.