不同生态环境下施肥对马里兰烟的影响

The Effect of Fertilization on Maryland Tobacco at Different Ecological Environment

为了解不同栽培环境对马里兰烟生长的影响,为生产优质马里兰烟提供科学施肥依据,在两个生态环境差别较大的地区,研究不同施肥量、钾/氮比以及氮素形态对马里兰烟的影响,结果表明:施氮量对产量的影响最大,而氮素形态也有影响,施用硝态氮不仅提高烟叶产量,还有助于降低烟碱含量,提高含钾量;在微碱性的土壤上,以及氮肥施用量超过120kg/hm2,增施钾肥对提高马里兰烟含钾量的效果较小,对烟叶外观品质的提高也不明显。为保持马里兰烟的特点,马里兰烟应种植在pH<7.5的土壤上,适宜的氮肥施用量为120￣150kg/hm2,硝态氮应占50%￣75%,N:K可控制在1:3以内,土壤速效钾含量达到中等的可降低到1:1.5。

For the purpose of knowing the influences of different cultivation environment on Maryland tobacco and suggesting scientific fertilization ways, an experiment was conducted in two distinct areas of applying different amount of manuring, potassium to nitrogen ratio and nitrogen conformation on Maryland plants. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen application had a most influence on yield and nitrogen form did second. Furthermore, nitrate nitrogen conduced to reduce nicotine content and increase potassium content. It was not obvious to improve the surface quality and potassium content of Maryland tobacco leaves by increasing potash fertilization at alkalescent soil or over 120kg/hm^2 of nitrogen application. Thus, to retain the characteristic of Maryland tobacco, the plants should be grown on feasible soil with pH〈7.5. The appropriate amount of nitrogen application should be 120-150kg/hm^2 in which 50%-75% of nitrate nitrogen account for. potassium to nitrogen ratio could be confined to less than 3：1, and a lower ratio of 1.5：1 would be reasonable if potassium content in soil is not fairly low.