日光温室越冬番茄果实干物质生产分析

Analyses on Tomato Fruit Dry Matter Production for Over-winter Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

实际生产中,温室番茄果实产量是由各果穗产量构成的,并由分配到各果穗中的干物质量来决定的,分析各果穗的干物质生产规律有助于了解整株果实生产的动态。本试验采用了果穗和果穗下的三片叶及对应的茎作为一个源库生长单位的研究方法,详细研究了越冬温室番茄果实干物质生产规律,研究结果表明:叶面积指数在定植三个月之内几乎呈直线增加,达到3.3,之后随打叶和叶片生长维持在2.6左右;植株干物质累积明显地分为缓慢积累阶段和快速积累阶段,生长202d后,干物质累积达到1.6kg/m2;植株座果后,地上部干物质分配到果实的比例占到70%;源库生长单位的果实所分配到的干物质为98%-48%,随着果穗数从下而上的不断增加,在前七穗果同时存在的情况下,每产生一穗果实,各生长单位往果实的干物质分配就下降6%左右,这与果穗的库强有关,随着成熟果实的采收,干物质在新果穗的分配比例增加;除第一生长单位外,其余生长单位内茎、叶分配比均为3:7。

In commercial production, the fruit yield of greenhouse tomato is the sum of all fruit trusses, and decided by the dry matte distribution to each fruit truss, studies each fruit truss dry matter production rule will to be helpful to understand the entire fruit dynamic production. In present study, a source-sink growth unit was adopted that was made up of a fruit truss and the three pieces of leaves just below the truss and its stem for understanding the fruit dry matter production. The results showed that： the leaf area index increased linearly up to 3.3 within the first three months after transplanting, and afterwards maintained about 2.6 with the balance of leaf pruning and leaf growing. The cumulated dry weight was divided into slow phase and quick phase obviously. At the end of 202 days growing, the dry matter production was accumulated about 1.6kg/m^2. During fruiting period, the aboveground dry matter distributed to the fruit was accounted for 70%. For a source-sink growth unit, the distribution of the fruit dry matter is between 98% and 48%, with the decrease about 6% with increasing fruit truss number （the lowest fruit truss is the truss No. 1）, supposing the seven fruit trusses simultaneously existed in the same plant. This is probably related to fruit sink strength, when the ripe fruit was harvested, the distribution of the next fruit dry matter will increase. The ratio of dry matter distribution between the stems and the leaves was 3：7 except for the Ist source-sink growth unit.