从类型学看名词性谓语判断句

On Equational Clauses with Nominal Predicate from Typological Perspective

判断句是语言中共有的表达判断概念的小句。就名词性谓语类型的判断句而言,不同语言中判断句的构成具有不同特点。判断句中判断词的使用情况变数多,而且复杂。对各种语言的调查结果显示:判断句的判断命题是取决于句中名词性谓语的语义,判断词只有语法功能,并无语义内涵。

Clauses to convey the concept of assertion are found in every language. In terms of this type of clauses characterized by the nominal predicate, they are structured in diversity in different languages, thus categorized in three different ways： 1. copula as a compulsory constituent; 2. copula as an optional constituent; 3. no copula. Use of copula is complicated in great variety. The typological studies demonstrate that the semantic proposition of the equational clause is determined by the nominal predicate, and construed with the help of copula which plays only a grammatical role in the clause construction.