乡镇企业农民工健康知识、行为与健康教育现状调查分析

Health KAP and current status of health education/health promotion among off-farm workers in township enterprises

目的调查乡镇企业农民工的健康相关知识掌握情况和健康相关行为形成情况及在该群体中开展的健康教育和健康促进活动的现状。方法采用随机整群抽样方法选择浙江省湖州市南浔区408名15岁以上农民工为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果被调查对象中40岁以下的占74.5%;小学文化程度的占43.4%,初中文化程度的占36.8%,文盲的占18.1%。68.3%的人在砖瓦厂上班,22.6%在纺织企业上班。69.6%的人和家属住在一起;79.2%的人居住在企业提供的集体宿舍,20.8%的人租房。健康知识知晓率男性为43.2%,女性为40.5%。文盲、小学文化程度、初中文化程度、高中文化程度的人健康知识知晓率分别为25.6%、36.6%、55.5%、60.3%。被调查的农民工有41.4%的人吸烟。有16.7%的人和家人共用一块毛巾。有14.0%的人经常喝生水。有40.9%的人生病了不去医院。农民工的业余生活比较单调,76.0%的人仅仅喜欢和老乡聊天交流。90.7%的人表示会积极参与企业组织的健康教育活动。文化程度越高,对健康教育的需求越高。结论农民工的健康知信行水平处于比较低的水平。应该根据农民工的需求开展健康教育和健康促进工作。

Objective To survey the knowledge and behaviors about health, and the current status of health education/health promotion among off-farm workers. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 408 off-farm workers aged 15 and over. Results 74.5% of the workers less than 40 years old, 43.4% were had the educational level of elemental school, 36.8% with the level of junior middle school, and 18.1% were illiterate, in Nanxun District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, collected by cluster sampling. 68.3% of them were engaged in production of building materials, and 22.6% in textile and clothing trade. 69.6% of them lived together with their families. 79.2% of them lived in the group dormitories provided by the enterprises, and 20.8% of them lived in simple rent houses. The health knowledge rate and healthy behavior rate were low. The health knowledge rate of the male surveyed was 43.2%, and that of the female surveyed was 40.5%. The health knowledge rate of the illiterate was 25.6%, that of those with the educational levels of elementary school, junior middle school, senior middle school and over were 36.6%, 55.5%, and 60.3% respectively. Their living condition was poor. The smoking rate was 41.4%. 16.7% of them shared towels with their families. 14.0% of them often drank raw water. 40.9% of them did not go to hospital when ill. Their life in spare time was dull. 76.0% of them only would like to communicate with the persons from their hometowns. 90.7% of them were willing to participate in the health education activities organized by the enterprises. The higher the educational level, the greater the health needs. Concision The KAP about health among off-farm workers were at low levels. Health education/health promotion for them needs to be improved.