活化磷肥的磷素释放特性、肥效及活化机理研究

Study on Release Characteristics, Fertilizer Effect and Activated Mechanism of Activated Phosphoric Fertilizers

【目的】探讨活化磷肥的磷素动态释放特性、分子结构及活化材料与磷矿粉之间的作用和肥效。【方法】采用连续浸提、红外光谱分析仪、差热热重联用仪和盆栽试验。【结果】连续浸提表明,两种活化磷肥连续6次水溶性磷的累积释放量是磷矿粉的3.29、3.59倍;活化磷肥的红外光谱、差热分析结果表明,活化材料与磷矿粉之间发生化学作用,而且活化磷肥中H2PO4-特征吸收谱加强,并出现新的H2PO4-特征吸收谱,使磷矿粉中的磷向有效状态转变;盆栽试验结果表明,两种活化磷肥的磷肥利用率、玉米生物量显著高于磷矿粉,甚至高于过磷酸钙。【结论】与磷矿粉相比,活化磷肥的水溶性磷含量、生物量和磷肥利用率均显著提高。

[ Objective] To analyse the dynamic release characteristics and molecular structure of water-soluble phosphorus in two kinds of activated phosphate fertilizers （APF）, and the interactions between activating materials and phosphate rock. The fertilizer effects of APFs were also studied. [Method] Continuous water extraction, infrared absorption spectrum and differential thermal ananlysis were involved. A pot experiment was carried out to study the fertilizer effects. [Result] The result of continuous water extraction indicated that compared to phosphate rock, accumulative release rates of phosphorous of two APFs were 3.29 and 3.59 times higher, respectively. The results of infrared absorption spectrum and differential thermal ananlysis showed that chemical reaction happened between activating materials and phosphate rock. Characterastic abasorption spectrum of H2PO4- was strengthened and new characterastic absorption spectrum of H2PO4-appeared. These made phosphorus in phosphate rock change into available status. The result of the pot experiment indicated that corn biomass and fertilizer use efficiency of two APFs were obviously higher than that of phosphate rock, even higher than that of superphosphate. [Conclusion] Compared to phosphate rock, water-soluble phosphorus content, biomass and P use efficiency of APFs were significantly increased.