弄岗黑叶猴的日活动类型和活动时间分配

Daily activity pattern and time budget of Franois langur Trachypithecus franoisi in Longgang Nature Reserve,China.

2005年10月-2006年9月,用瞬时扫描法对广西弄岗自然保护区内的一群黑叶猴(Trachypithecusfran oisi)的日活动节律和活动时间分配进行研究。结果表明:黑叶猴日活动中出现2个觅食高峰和1个休息高峰。觅食高峰分别出现在7:00-9:00和16:00-18:00;休息高峰出现在10:00-14:00。黑叶猴日活动节律表现出明显的季节性变化,表现为旱季上午的觅食高峰被推迟了1h,且觅食时间长于雨季;旱季下午的觅食活动提前1h结束。猴群在雨季较早进入休息高峰,而且中午休息时很少有移动或零星觅食。研究期间,猴群用于休息的时间平均占日活动时间分配的51.99%,移动占20.25%,觅食占18.61%,理毛占7.61%,玩耍占1.20%,其它行为(包括打斗、交配等)仅占0.14%。活动时间分配有明显的季节性差异,主要表现为:与雨季相比,黑叶猴在旱季花费更多的时间用于觅食和移动,而相应地减少用于休息的时间。活动时间分配在不同年龄和性别的个体之间也存在显著差异,表现为成年个体花费更多的时间用于休息和觅食,未成年个体则花费更多的时间用于移动和玩耍;雌性个体比雄性个体花费更多的时间用于理毛。

Data on daily activity patterns and time budgets of Franqois langurs Trachypithecus franooisi in Longgang Nature Reserve were collected between October 2005 and September 2006 via instantaneous scan sampling. Our results indicated that there were two daily feeding peaks （occurred during 07：00 - 09：00 and 16：00 - 18：00 h）, and one resting peak （occurred during 10： 00- 14：00 h）. The daily activity patterns showed seasonal variations： in the dry season, a longer feeding duration was exhibited in the morning feeding peak, and the feeding peak occurred 1 hour later in the morning and ended 1 hour earlier in the afternoon than during the rainy season. In the rainy season, the resting peak occurred earlier, and feeding and travel activities were almost absent in this period. During the study period, langurs spent an average of 51.99% of time at rest, 20.25% moving, 18.61% feeding, 7.61% grooming, 1.20% playing, and 0.14% other activities. There were significant seasonal variations in their time budgets. Langurs spent more time feeding and moving, and less time resting in the dry season than in the rainy season. Time budgets also differed among the various sex-age classes. Compared to the immatures, adult individuals spent more time resting and feeding, and less time moving and playing. Adult females devoted more time to grooming than adult males time resting and feeding, and less time moving and playing. Adult females devoted more time to grooming than adult males.