水蛭捕食两栖类卵(英文)

Leech predation on amphibian eggs

许多卵生动物具有对付食卵者的精巧策略以降低死亡率,因为早期发育阶段的捕食压力能显著影响具复杂生活史动物的生存。两栖动物卵被水蛭等很多物种所捕食。我们查阅了水蛭捕食两栖类卵的文献,发现27篇论文。在所报道的水蛭捕食两栖类卵的例子中,无尾类(3.6%,n=591)明显多于有尾类(1.6%,n=255)。此外,我们第一次记录到水蛭捕食四趾螈(Salamandrina perspicillata)卵,这也是西欧有尾类的第一例报道。我们没有发现两个两栖动物类群间存在差异。然而,当我们分别分析来自北美、欧洲和亚洲三个地区的数据时,发现北美的有尾类和无尾类间存在显著差异。水蛭可捕食各生活史阶段的两栖动物,因此,水蛭应归为一些两栖类的天敌。

Many oviparous organisms develop elaborate strategies against egg-predators to reduce the likelihood of mortality, since predatory pressure on early stages of development in organisms with complex life cycles can strongly influence their survival. Amphibian eggs are preyed upon by a wide range of taxa including macrophagous leeches. We surveyed the literature for references where amphibian egg predation by leeches was reported and uncovered 27 papers. Amphibian egg predation by leeches was previously reported for a greater percentage of anurans （3.6%, n=591） than urodeles （1.6%, n=255）. Furthermore, we provided the first record of leech predation on the eggs of Northern spectacled salamander Salamandrina perspicillata. This appears to be the first report for Western European urodeles. No significant difference between the two amphibian orders was observed. However, when we analyzed the data from the three geographic areas of North America, Europe and Asia separately, differences were observed between anuran and urodele species in Northern America. Leeches were observed foraging upon all amphibian life stages. Leeches should be included, therefore, among the natural enemies of some species of amphibians.