孕产妇死亡与妊娠状况关系探讨

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL MORTALITY AND PREGNANT STATUS.

六所医科大学对全国各大区的七省２０个妇幼县１９９０～１９９２年所有死亡孕产妇及其同期存活产妇进行１１配对调查。结果显示：死亡组年龄≤２０岁或≥３５岁者多于对照组，孕妇本人没有经济收入，本人及丈夫文化水平低，不了解孕产期保健知识，未行产前检查，异常分娩的比例高于对照组。未婚，计划外分娩，年龄过大，总怀孕次数多，既往有死胎死产，产后出血，剖宫产史为孕产妇死亡危险因素。孕产妇主要死因产后出血与既往妊娠经过如人流、引产等密切相关。提示除改善妇女政治经济地位外，计划生育对于减少产后出血及孕产妇死亡起重要作用。

The one to one case control study conducted in 20 counties of seven provinces of China focused on 655 maternal deaths in 1990-1992 and the same number of living controls in the same areas.Results showed:women who were younger than 20 or older than 35 years were more in cases than in controls;the proportion that pregnant women had no self income,had lower education level,did not have knowledge of perinatal care,did not perform prenatal examination,had abnormal labor history etc. were higher in cases than in controls.In addition,unmarried,unplanned pregnancy,elder,more gravidities,previous dead fetus,still birth,postpartum hemorrhage,cesarean section were the risk factors of maternal mortality.Besides,previous pregnancy,such as artificial abortion,induced labor was associated with hemorrhage the main cause of maternal death.So,in addition to enhance the social and economic situation of women,practicable methods of family planning must be available to reduce hemorrhage and maternal death.