镜泊湖区主要森林类型的土壤水文特性

Soil hydrological properties of four forest types around Jinbo Lake

通过实地调查与试验分析方法，研究镜泊湖区原始红松林、杨桦林、蒙古栎林和人工红松林地的土壤水文特性。结果表明：1）枯落物总储量变化范围在22．32～34．15t·hm^-2之间，依次为原始红松林〉人工红松林〉蒙古栎林〉杨桦林；全部枯落物最大持水率、最大持水量与有效拦蓄量均为原始红松林〉人工红松林〉杨桦林〉蒙古栎林。2）原始红松林枯落物吸水速度最快，杨桦林和蒙古栎林次之，人工红松林最慢。3）在同一土层，土壤密度从小到大，土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量和田间持水量由大到小的顺序基本为杨桦林、原始红松林、蒙古栎林和人工红松林。4）相同土层的初渗速度、稳渗速度和渗透系数依次为杨桦林〉原始红松林〉蒙古栎林〉人工红松林；到达稳渗的时间是杨桦林最短，其次为原始红松林，再次为蒙古栎林，人工红松林最长。5）综合枯落物持水能力、吸水速度、土壤持水能力和渗透性能评价镜泊湖区4种森林类型的水文特性，原始红松林和杨桦林最佳，其次为蒙古栎林，人工红松林最差。

Through field investigation and experiment analysis, the soil hydrological properties of virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forest, Quercus mongolica forest and Pinus koraiensis plantation were studied. It is shown that： 1 ） The total litter stock of four forest types ranges from 22.32 to 34.15 t· hm^- 2, of which the decline order is virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Pinus koraiensis plantation, Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyUa forest and Quercus mongolica forest. The decline order of the maximal waterholding rate, maximal water-holding amount and the modified interception is virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Pinus koraiensis plantation, Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyUa forest and Quercus mongolica forest; 2） The decline order of water absorption speed of the litter is virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Populus davidianaBetula platyphylla forest, Quercus mongolica forest and Pinus koraiensis plantation; 3） Both the decline order of the maximal water-holding capacity and the field water-holding capacity is Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyUa forest, virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Quercus mongolica forest and Pinus koraiensis plantation; 4） The decline order of soil infiltration ability and raise order of steady infiltration time is Populus davidiana-Betula platyphyUa forest, virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Quercus mongolica forest and Pinus koraiensis plantation; 5） Considering from both the water-holding capacity and water absorption of the litter, the water-holding capacity and infiltration characteristics of the soil to evaluate soil hydrological properties of four forest types, virgin Pinus koraiensis forest and Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forest are the best, Quercus mongolica forest is the intermediate, Pinus koraiensis plantation is the worst.