跳水运动员力量训练研究——以清华大学跳水队多年力量训练为例

Research on the Strength Training of Diving Athlete——Taking Example for Several Years Strength Training of Tsinghua Diving Team

对清华大学26名跳水运动员的力量训练进行了4年跟踪研究,从理论和实践两个方面分析和总结了跳水运动员力量训练的特点和规律。跳水运动员力量能力的结构主要为神经对肌肉的支配能力、肌肉的快速收缩能力和关节韧带的支撑能力。专项技术训练和预防损伤是跳水运动员力量训练的两个重要任务,在训练中应给予同样的重视。在训练方法上进行了研究和探索,形成了一整套与传统力量训练不同的训练方法。对训练负荷进行了多种不同的分类,提出了训练负荷对专项力量的重要影响和意义。

After four years tracking on 26 diving athletes of Tsinghua University, the peculiarities and rules are concluded in both of theory and practice. The strength structure of diving athletes contains the governing ability of the nerves over muscles, the fast contracting ability of the muscles, and supporting ability of joints and ligaments. Two most important goals of the diving strength training, which should be regarded equally during the training is specific technical training and preventing injury. With the study and research on training method, an integrated series of training method, which differs from traditional means, is formed. The training load is catalogued in different ways, and the significant influences and meanings of training load to the specific strength are put forwarded.