闽西晚石炭世晚期—早二叠世有孔虫动物群

FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA FROM LATE LATE CARBONIFEROUS AND EARLY PERMIAN OF WEST FUJIAN

福建石炭、二叠纪有孔虫迄今未见报道。近年来,笔者对闽西船山组和栖霞组下部有孔虫动物群作了系统研究,鉴定116种,其中11新种。根据这些属种的地层分布规律,本文将其划分为5带,这不仅对石炭-二叠系界线的划分提供了有益材料,同时对研究该时期有孔虫动物群面貌也有重要意义。本文研究的标本均为我系历届毕业生及研究生所采集,化石鉴定曾得到曾学鲁教授、郑洪和洪祖寅老师的帮助,工作中得到骆金锭教授的指导,化石照片由解小健摄制,笔者在此一并致谢。

This paper first systematically reports the foraminiferal fauna of Upper Carboniferous Zhongjian Stage to Lower Permian Gaodian Stage in Fujian. The collection covers a total of 20 genera and 116 species, including 11 new species, with all species listed in the table. Five zones have been recognized in ascending order as follows:Gaodian Stage5. Palaeotextularia fujianensis-Multidiscus Zone;Mapingian Stage4. Interval-Zone; 3. Palaeotextularia longissima-Cribrogenerina prosphaerica Zone;Zhongjian Stage2. Glomospira megaprolocula Zone;1. Bradyina crassispira ZoneIt would be helpful to further make clear the features of the foraminiferal fauna in the period and provide material available for dividing the Carboniferous-Permian boundary.DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIESFamily Ammodiscidae Reuss, 1862 Genus Glomospira Rzehal, 1855 Glomospira megaprolocula sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅰ, figs. 2, 3)Section of test irregularly triangular. Second tubular chamber irregularly coiled. Whorls small, 2 to 3 in number. Diameter of test 0.66 to 0.79mm. Wall single-layered, dark, finely granular. Proloculus large, round, with an inner diameter of 0.20 to 0.22mm.Remarks This species is similar to Glomospira vulgaris Lipina, but differs in the smaller number of whorls and large proloculus.Locality and Horizon Gaodi of Shaxian. Glomospira megaprolocula Zone, Upper Carboniferous.Family Nodosinellidae Rhumber, 1895 Genus Langella Lange, 1925 Langella paraperforata sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅰ, figs. 11, 12)Test turbinate, uniserial, with proximal end rounded, and distal end broadly arched, slightly arched laterally. Chambers numbering four, moony and weakly overlapped. Test with a height of 0.40 to 0.55 mm and a width of 0.29 to 0.38 mm. Septa curved, expanded at the end. Wall with numerous layers, 0.047 mm in thickness. Aperture large. Sutures flattened. Proloculus round, 0.07 to 0.12 mm in diameter.Remarks The present species is similar to Langella perforate Lange, but differs in its much smaller size, smaller number of chambers and smaller ratio of length to width.Locality and Horizon Banshan of Shunchang. Palaeotextularia fujianensis-Multidiscus Zone, Lower Permian.Family Palaeotextulardae Galloway, 1933 Genus Palaeotextularia Schubert, 1921 Palaeotextularia fujianensis sp. nov. (P1. Ⅰ, figs. 15—17)Test small, convex, biserial, developed rapidly, and consisting of 3 to 3.5 pairs of hemispherical to spherical chambers. Apertural face convex. Typical species with a height of 0.28 mm and a width of 0.21 mm; last chamber 0.10 mm in height. Septa curved, long, extending to and even beyond the median line, warped at the ends. Wall with two layers; outer layer dark, finely granular while inner layer hyaline-radial. Sutures strongly depressed. Protoculus round, 0.03 mm in diameter. Remarks The present species is similar to Palaeotextularia gibbosa minima Lipina, but the latter has a greater dimension, smaller convexity of chambers and unwarped ends of septa.Locality and Horizon Zhongjia of Longyan, Gaodi of Shaxian, Banshan of Shunchang. Palaeotextularia fujianensis-Multidiscus Zone, Lower Permian.Palaeotextularia longyanensis sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅰ, fig. 23)Test small, narrowly cuneate, biserial with lateral surfaces flattened, consisting of 4.5 pairs of chambers, uniformly increasing; chambers high. Test with a height of 0.53 mm and a width of 0.28 mm; last chamber 0.14 mm in height. Septa nearly straight, long, inclined, extending to the median, with slightly thickened ends; wall with two layers: outer layer dark, granular; inner layer hyaline-radial. Sutures flattened.Remarks The present species is similar to Palaeotextularia simplex Morozova in shape, but the latter has a smaller size, low chambers, and strongly depressed sutures.Locality and Horizons Zhongjia of Longyan. Glomospira megaprolocula Zone, Upper Carboniferous; Palaeotextularia longissima-Cribrogenerina prosphaerica Zone, Lower Permian.Genus Climacammina Brady, 1873 Climacammina jingyangensis sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅰ, fig. 27)Test broadly cuneate. In early stage, test biserial, with 4 pairs of rapidly developed chambers. Septa straight, long, extending to median and gradually shortened with growth of test, with clavate thickenings at the ends. Aperture simplex. In later stage, test uniserial, carrying 2 chambers, with the last chamber strongly widened. Apertural suface convex. Aperture cribrate. Septa very short. Test 1.6 mm in total length and 1.23 mm in width; last chamber 0.28 mm in height, biserial portion 0.96 mm in length and 1 mm in width. Wall with two layers: outer layer thin, dark granular; inner layer thicker, with light-colored crystals. Sutures depressed.Remarks The present species is characterized by its broadly cuneate shape, greater height of biserial portion loosely ranged chambers, smaller number of chambers in the uniserial portion and abruptly expanded last chamber, and can be distinguished from other known species of the genus.Locality and Horizon Zhongjia of Longyan. Glomospira megaprolocula Zone, Upper Carboniferous.Climacammina shaxianensis sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅰ, figs. 34, 35)Test elongately cuneate. In biserial stage, test with 6 to 7 pairs of chambers developed gradually. In the uniserial stage, test with 4 chambers nearly equal in height and gradually increasing in width. From biserial stage to uniserial stage, width obviously reduced. Septa long, with thickenings at the ends in biserial portion, whereas short and hook-like in uniserial portion. Aperture cribrate. Typical specimen 2.32 mm in total length and 1.27 mm in width. Biserial portion 1.32mm in length and 1.07mm in width. Wall with two layers: outer layer dark, granular; inner layer hyaline-radial. Sutures strongly depressed. Proloculus oval 0.27mm in length; and 0.19mm in width.Remarks The present species is similar to Climacammina aplicatula Reitlinger in shape, but in the latter, the biserial portion is, shorter, less than a half as long as the test. It can be compared with Climacammina huangjiangensis Lin, in biserial stage, but the latter has much less chambers.Locality and HoriZons Gaodi of Shaxian, Zhongjia of Longyan. Glomospira megaprolocula Zone, Upper Carboniferous; Palaeotextularia longissima-Cribrogenerina prosphaerica Zone, Lower Permian.Climacammina belemnites sp. nov. (P1. Ⅱ, fig. 1)Test sagittal. In biserial portion, test broadly cuneate, with 3 pairs of chambers developed rapidly. In uniserial porion, test cylindrical-shaped, with 6 chambers nearly equal in height, and slightly increasing in width. From biserial stage to uniserial stage, width obviously reduced. Septa straight, long extending to median in biserial stage, whereas short and hook-like at the ends in uniserial stage. Apertural face flattened. Apertures about four in number. Test 2.37 mm in total length and 1.25 mm in width. Biserial portion 0.93 mm in length and 1.0mm in width. Wall with two layers: outer layer dark, granular; inner layer hyaline-radial. Sutures strongly depressed. Proloculus oval, 0.32 mm in length and 0.25 tam in width.Remarks The present species is similar to Climacammina tudicla Lange in shape, but the latter is much large, with more chambers in uniserial portion.Locality and Horizon Gaodi of Shaxian, Zhongjia of Longyan. Palaeotextularia longissima-Cribrogenerina prosphaerica Zone, Lower Permian.Genus Cribrostomum Moeller, 1879 Cribrostomum gaodiensis sp. nov. (P1. Ⅱ, fig. 12)Test broadly cuneate, with a vertex angle of 60~, biserial, with 7 pairs of chambers developed rapidly. Septa slightly curved, long extending to median in early stage, but slightly shortened, with hook-like thickenings at the ends in later stage. Aperture cribrate in the last 2 chambers. Test with a height of 1.33 mm and a width of 1.20mm. Wall with two layers, 0.07 mm in thickness; outer layer dark, granular while inner layer hyalineradial. Sutures slightly depressed. Proloculus small and round.Remarks The present species is similar to Cribrostomum cushmani Harlton in shape, but the latter is wider, with low and flattened chambers.Locality and Horizon Gaodi of Shaxian. Palaeotextularia longissima-Cribrogenerinca prosphaerica Zone, Lower Permian.Family Nodosaridae Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Nodosaria Lamark, 1812 Nodosaria qikensis sp. nov. (P1. Ⅲ, fig. 32)Test small, narrowly cuneate, uniserial with 8 chambers. Initial three chambers rectangular, while later chambers nearly square, developed rapidly. Test 0.35 mm in height and 0.11 mm in width; last chamber 0.09 mm in height. Septa :flat. Wall with two layers: inner layer dark; outer layer light-colored. Sutures nearly flattened. Inner diameter of proloculus 0.03 mm.Remarks The present species is similar to Nodosaria delicata Wang in shape; but in the latter, the chambers are developed uniformly, and the proloculus is larger than the second chamber.Locality and Horizon Banshan of Shunchang. Palaeotextularia fujianensis-Multidiscus Zone, Lower Permian.Nodosaria shunchangensis sp. nov. (Pl. Ⅲ, fig. 35)Test small, uniserial, cuneate, with 8 chambers which are drum-shaped, expanded rapidly. Test 0.28 mm in height and 0.11 mm in width; last chamber 0.06 mm in height. Septa flat, straightWall thin, with two layers: outer layer light-colored; inner layer dark, hyaline. Sutures slightly depressed. Proloeulus small.Remarks The present species is characterized by its small test, drum-shaped and rapidly developed chambers, and can be distinguished from other known species of the genus.Locality and Horizon Banshan of Shunchang. Palaeotextularia fujianensis-Multidiscus Zone, Lower Permian.Nodosaria zhongjiaensis sp. nov. (P1. Ⅲ, fig. 39)Test long cuneate, uniserial, totally with 12 chambers: preceding 8 chambers rectangular, developed slowly; later 4 chambers expanded repidly; with the last chamber especially large, nearly square. Test 0.62 mm in height and 0.15 mm in width; last chamber 0.15 mm in height. Septa flat. Wall with two layers, 0.01 mm in thickness: outer layer light, hyaline-radiate; inner layer dark, finely