贵州省少数民族和汉族大学生的心理健康及其个性因素分析

A psychological well being study of minority nationalities and Han nationality college students in Guizhou Province and an analysis of their personality factors

为了解贵州省少数民族地区大学生的心理健康状况及其相关因素，用精神症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）、卡特尔１６种人格因素量表（１６ＰＦ）对贵州省７个少数民族及汉族的１５０９名大学生的心理健康进行测试分析。结果显示，７．６０％的少数民族大学生及６．７７％的汉族大学生有心理健康问题。少数民族组ＥＰＱ的Ｅ、Ｌ量表分、１６ＰＦ的Ｃ、Ｇ、Ｈ、Ｑ３因子分高于汉族组，差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示少数民族、汉族大学生在个性特征上有不同之处。影响因素的分析显示，两组的ＳＣＬ－９０总分与ＥＰＱ－Ｎ、ＥＰＱ－Ｐ量表分及１６ＰＦ的各因子分呈正相关，与ＥＰＱ－Ｅ量表分呈负相关。这提示大学生心理健康状况与个性特征、生活事件、民族文化和环境因素等有关。

In order to understand the psychological health state of college students in the minority nationalities areas and its relative factors, a psychological well being study of 1 509 minority nationalities and Han nationality college students in Guizhou Province were undertaken with the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF). The results showed that the morbidity of psychological disorders in the minority nationalities college students was 7.60% and the morbidity in the Han nationality college students was 6.77%. The scores of E scale and L scale in EPQ, the scores of C,G,H,Q 3 in 16PF in the minority nationalities group were higher than those in the Han nationality group. There was significant difference between the two groups ( P <0.01). It was suggested that there was some difference in the personality characteristic between minority nationalities college students and Han nationality college students. In two groups, scores of SCL 90 were positively correlated to the scores of N and P in EPQ, and 16 factors (16PF), and were negatively correlated to the score of E (EPQ). The authors were of the opinion that the psychological well being of the college students was associated with the personality characteristic, life events, nationality culture factors and environmental factors.