立宪主义的哲学分析

A Philosophical Analysis of Constitutionalism

对立宪主义可以从纵向历史发展的角度进行哲理分析。古希腊、古罗马和中世纪政治哲学中的个体主义与整体主义的对立与互动,为近代立宪主义的产生提供了前期的思想基础。文艺复兴、宗教改革以及科学方法论所引发的理性主义促成了政治个体主义的产生,进而形成了以英国、美国、法国为代表的早期立宪主义政治哲学。在英、法两国相互学习和借鉴的背景下,经过各种新兴思潮与立宪主义的相互激荡,19世纪的欧洲立宪主义哲学开始走向成熟,贡斯当、托克维尔、密尔等是这一时期的典型代表。

Constitutionalism can be analyzed philosophically from the following historical perspectives： first, the political philosophy in ancient societies. The focus of political philosophy, represented by those of the ancient Greece, ancient Rome and medieval Europe, was the theory on the relationship between the individual and the macrocosm. The reflections on this issue provided the thinking bedrock for the naissance of the neoteric constitutionalism. Second, the naissance of the neoteric constitutionalism in political philosophy. Renaissance, Reformation and scientific methodology gave birth to rationalism which, in turn, gave birth to political individualism and later to the early political philosophy of constitutionalism in the U. K, the U. S. and France. Third, the maturing and the consummation of neoteric constitutionalism. In the 19^th Century, constitutionalism began to mature by interacting with various new trends of thinking in Europe. Its representatives at that time were Benjamin Constant, Alexis de Tocqueville and James Mill.