防御船撞桥的新装置及其机理研究

New equipment of ship collision with the pier and its mechanism research

从机理上区分防撞装置有弹性的(橡皮垫),弹塑性的(钢管类)和粘滞性的(大耗能、少回弹).前面两种已实现,新装置就是用第三种—粘滞性的防撞元件,它能吸收消耗掉冲击能量的70%以上.但每个粘滞性的防撞元件耗能只有几万焦耳,对于几百兆焦的大船,新装置采取的办法是吸收消耗一部分能量的同时,将船头拨开,化解撞击.为此在几百只耗能防撞元件的外面设置斜向的外钢围.新装置既能保护桥也能保护船,对于足够大的桥墩则只考虑保护船便可以了.

According to their mechanism, there are three kinds of collision protection units which are elastic （such as rubber buffer）, elastic-plastic （steel tube etc.） and the viscous damping .（absorb and dissipation of most of impact energy and very little resilience）. The front two have been realized, and the third one which is viscous anti-collision component is applied in this new equipment. It can absorb seventy percent of impact energy, but energy dissipation of each viscous anti-collision component is tens of thousands of joule. About hundreds of joule, the method taken by the new equipment is to poke the fore to defuse impact when it absorbs partial energy. Therefore, outside of millions of energy dissipation anti-collision components are set with slant steel gate. The new equipment can protect the pier and the ship. The ship is considered to be protected for the large pier.