汉语动词的题元结构与其句法表现

Thematic Structures of Verbs in Chinese and their Syntactic Projections

文章讨论非宾格假定与汉语动词的题元结构,指出:不仅单元述词与双元述词可以分为非作格、非宾格两类,同样的分类也适用于三元述词和与其相关的句法结构。依此看法,汉语的两种双宾结构(给予类和抢偷类)分属于非宾格与非作格系列的三元述词结构:前者选择一个宾语两个主语(一大一小),后者选择一个主语两个宾语(一内一外)。汉语的若干特殊句式(如"保留宾语"句式、"外宾语"句式与所谓的"不及物动词带宾语"句式)都可以在适当的句法分析下各得其所。

The unaccusative hypothesis not only provides a proper distinction between two types of intransitive and transitive verbs, but also serves to identify two types of ditransitives. The give-type double-object construction belongs to the unaccusative series with Causer, Experiencer and Patient, while the rob-type DOC with Agent, Affectee,and Patient belongs to the unergative series. Under this analysis,several well-known peculiar constructions in Chinese fall into place, including the so-called transitive unaccusative construction, the retained-object construction, and the outer-object construction.