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时态、时制理论与汉语时间参照 被引量:49

Theories of Tense and Aspect,and Temporal Reference in Chinese
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摘要 由于汉语有相对丰富的时态标记,而缺乏显性的时制标记,很多学者在对汉语句子中的时间进行诠释时,往往将时态或体作为依据。从汉语句子能否成句这个问题着手,文章的考察表明,汉语的场景体中有无"定点"对句子的成句性有决定意义。含缺少"定点"的场景体,必须要借助其他功能成分方能成句。含有"定点"的场景体的句子,其定点必须在句中明确表示出来,才能成句,否则亦需要借助其他功能成分方能成句。文章将所罗列的现象归纳为句子的固有成分,并探讨如何将这一系列的句法固有成分统一分析为‘指涉’这一语法功能,即时空上的参照点。一个句子为何要有这样的参照成分?自然语言的名词通过功能化以后,用来指涉实体,那么句子就是动词及其论元通过功能化以后,用来指涉事件或状态。时制通过时空上的参照点来调节和确定说话时间和事件时间的顺序,从而将某个场景(事件或状态)在时空中定位,使说话者可指涉该事件或状态,所以文章尤其关注对句子中参照点的确认,尝试如何确定其在时空定点上的功能。通过演绎,文章证明这些成分都与建立在时空上的参照点并与指涉事件有关,从而推断汉语的句子中具有时制中心语,它支配句子的构建。 This paper discusses tense and aspect in Mandarin Chinese. We will focus on a series of Chinese structures and explore how tense is manifested via various structural expressions in Chinese and how they are analyzable under the core feature of reference of tense. The goal of our discussion is to seek how tense, as a temporal structural builder of language, is interpreted via reference time in Mandarin Chinese.
作者 顾阳
出处 《语言科学》 2007年第4期22-38,共17页 Linguistic Sciences
基金 香港中文大学文学院2006年直接研究拨款资助[项目编号4450129]
关键词 时制 时态 场景体 参照时间 级差 tense aspect reference time scalar
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参考文献10

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二级参考文献31

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