用教育技术引领教育改革——论我国教育技术的定位(二)

To Lead Educational Reform with Educational Technology

教育技术是一项解决教育问题的系统技术,可用于推动教育、教学的各个层面上的改革。但二十多年来,由于认识受限,定位不当,我国这一领域的工作偏重于硬件设施建设与服务、教育媒体制作、教学方法改革等方面,且这些活动大部分在战术层面上开展,教育技术没有发挥更大的作用。当前,我们应关注在战略层面上实施教育技术,追求“效果、效率和效益”,即教育绩效,这是我国穷国办大教育的国情所要求的。战略优先,战术配合,战略战术互动,促进教育整体改革,落实科学发展观,这应成为信息化进程中我国教育技术高起点新发展的指导思想,成为我国教育技术学科知识体系构建研究的基本思路。用教育技术引领教育改革,在宏观层面上应重视需要的评估和系统规划,确保“做对的事情”;在中观层面上要推广教学系统设计,在微观层面上要加强对研究成果的运用,确保“把事情做对”。目前我国教育技术界电教人员或计算机科学人员的工作仅是教育技术的一个组成部分,教育技术也是各级教育管理者和广大教师的共同事业。

Educational technology, as a systems approach to solving educational problems, can be applied to reforming education on various levels. For the past two decades, however, most of the practices and researches in the field have been focused on facility development, media service, educational media production, and instructional methods. As most of these activities have been carded on the tactic levels, educational technology has played a limited role in developing education in China. At present, attention should be paid to implementing educational technology on strategic levels, so as to improve the performance of educational organizations. Giving priority to strategic planning, developing tactics based on the strategy, and bringing about systemic changes in education should be the guideline for developing educational technology in China in the information age. To lead educational reform with educational technology means that, on macro levels, importance should be attached to strategic planning to ensure that ＂we do the right job＂, and that, on micro levels, we should adopt instructional system design in instruction and base our practice on research findings to ensure that ＂we do the job right＂. Educational technology is more than what we do at present in the field. Administrators on various levels of education and teachers are, in a sense, all practitioners in this field.